Table 1.
Case reports of patients diagnosed with CVAD following COVID-19.
| Authors, Year | Miglis et al. [50], 2020 |
Kanjwal et al. [44], 2020 |
Novak et al. [51], 2020 |
Umapathi et al. [46], 2020 | Schofield et al. [52], 2021 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Follow-up (months) | 5.5 | 1 | 3 | 2.5 | 12 |
| Mean age (years) | 26 | 36 | 64 | 39 | 50 |
| Sex | F | F | F | M | F |
| Diagnosis | POTS, OH | POTS | OCHOS | POTS | POTS |
| Palpitations, tachycardia |
Yes | Yes | - | Yes | - |
| Fatigue | Yes | Yes | Yes | - | - |
| Vertigo a | Yes | Yes | - | - | - |
| Dyspnea | Yes | - | - | - | Yes |
| Presyncope | Yes | - | - | - | Yes |
| Chest pain | Yes | Yes | - | - | Yes |
| Headache | - | Yes | Yes | - | - |
| Brain fog b | Yes | - | Yes | - | - |
| Sleep disturbances | Yes | - | - | - | - |
OCHOS, orthostatic cerebral hypoperfusion syndrome; OH, orthostatic hypotension; POTS, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. All patients were subject to clinical observation. Patients’ previous medical history included exercise-induced asthma, eczema, diffuse urticaria, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypertension, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, headache and/or episodic migraine, Lyme disease, obsessive compulsive disorder, small fiber neuropathy and orthostatic cerebral hypoperfusion syndrome. One patient not reporting significant medical history was described by Kanjwal et al. [44]. a includes all patients reporting vertigo, lightheadedness, and/or dizziness. b includes all patients reporting brain fog and/or difficulty concentrating.