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. 2021 Nov 16;10(22):5324. doi: 10.3390/jcm10225324

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The concentration of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) was increased in synovial fluid (SF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. (a) The serum levels of APE1/Ref-1 in patients with RA (n = 29) were significantly elevated compared to those of the healthy control (HC) (n = 30) and osteoarthritis (OA) patient groups (n = 30). (b) The RA patient group (n = 31) had a significantly higher APE1/Ref-1 concentration in their SF than that of the OA patient group (n = 30). Dot plots represent the mean; bars represent the SD. *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. RA group based on one-way ANOVA analysis followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test and unpaired t-test. (c,d) Significant correlations were found between serum and SF APE1/Ref-1 levels in paired OA samples (n = 16) (c) and RA samples (n = 13). (d) Statistical significance was determined by paired t-test. * p < 0.05 vs. OA_serum or RA_serum.