Table 2.
Characteristics of the participants according to the severity of OSA.
| No OSA (Ν = 520) |
Mild OSA (Ν = 534) |
Moderate OSA (Ν = 918) |
Severe OSA (Ν = 1819) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49.4 ± 15.1 | 56.7 ± 14 | 59 ± 12.7 | 58.8 ± 12.5 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.7 ± 7 | 29.6 ± 7.2 | 31.3 ± 8.9 | 34.4 ± 9.7 | <0.001 |
| Cigarettes/day | 20.1 ± 15 | 22.6 ± 15.5 | 24.7 ± 16.3 | 27.7 ± 18 | <0.001 |
| Pack/years | 13.5 ± 26.01 | 19.36 ± 26.1 | 22.84 ± 30.45 | 25.96 ± 32.86 | <0.001 |
| Current smokers (%) | 178 (34.2) | 176 (32.9) | 269 (29.3) | 535 (29) | 0.12 |
| Former smokers (%) | 118 (22.7) | 170 (31.8) | 318 (34.6) | 642 (35.2) | 0.01 |
| FTND | 4.19 ± 2.93 | 4.85 ± 2.7 | 4.9 ± 2.67 | 5.23 ± 2.85 | 0.008 |
| AHI (events/h) | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 9 ± 2.9 | 22.8 ± 3.8 | 53.3 ± 19.1 | <0.001 |
| ODI (events/h) | 2.9 ± 3.5 | 9.1 ± 4.2 | 22.9 ± 7.7 | 52.4 ± 20.6 | <0.001 |
| ESS | 8.4 ± 4.2 | 8.2 ± 4.3 | 9.3 ± 4.4 | 10.5 ± 4.6 | <0.001 |
| AIS | 8.2 ± 5.5 | 7.7 ± 5.2 | 8.8 ± 5.4 | 9.4 ± 5.4 | <0.001 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 118 (22.7) | 195 (36.5) | 378 (41.2) | 839 (46.1) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 23 (4.4) | 45 (8.4) | 113 (12.3) | 219 (12) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 43 (8.26) | 67 (12.5) | 140 (15.2) | 348 (19.1) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 2 (0.4) | 13 (2) | 27 (2.9) | 60 (3.3) | 0.48 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 9 (1.7) | 13 (2.4) | 27 (2.9) | 58 (3.2) | 0.74 |
OSA: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; BMI: body mass index; AHI = Apnea-Hypopnea Index; ODI = Oxygen Desaturation Index; FTND: Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence; ESS: Epworth sleepiness scale; AIS: Athens Insomnia Scale.