a-b) M-CHIP and L-CHIP are associated with incident myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, respectively. Hazards associated with L-CHIP for developing myeloid malignancies could not be computed due to small number of events. c-d) The mCAs increase risk of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, respectively. The M-mCA and L-mCA are associated with the highest risk of malignancies in the respective lineages. In all cases, expanded CH clones had higher risk of developing malignancies. (a-d) Data are presented as hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals, computed by using Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, sex, smoking, genetic ethnic ancestry, and genetic principal components 1–5. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; VAF, variant allele fraction; CF, cell fraction; U-mCA, unclassified mCA.