Table 3.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria in the DAWN, DEFUSE 3 and EXTEND-IA trials

Study	Year	Patients (n)	Inclusion time (hours)	Inclusion criteria		Neuroimaging exclusion criteria
				Clinical	Neuroimaging
DAWN (38)	2018	206	6–24	Age ≥18 y Ineligible for t-PA NIHSS score ≥10	Infarct hypodensity <1/3 MCA territory on NCCT A mismatch between NIHSS score and infarcted core volume measured using CTP/MRP Occlusion of intracranial ICA or M1 on CTA/MRA	Intracranial hemorrhage, significant mass effect and midline shift, or intracranial tumor on NCCT Steno-occlusion or tortuosity of cervical ICA on CTA/MRA
DEFUSE 3 (39)	2018	182	6–16	Age 18–85 y NIHSS score ≥6	Mismatch between penumbra and core volume (defined as core volume <70 mL, mismatch ratio ≥1.8, absolute penumbral volume ≥15 mL) measured on CTP/MRP Occlusion of ICA and M1 on CTA/MRA	ASPECTS < 6 on NCCT Intracranial hemorrhage, significant mass effect and midline shift, or intracranial tumor on NCCT Dissection of cervical ICA 4. More than 1 vascular territory infarcted on CTA/MRA
EXTEND-IA (41)	2015	70	0–6	Age ≥18 y NIHSS score ≥6	Infarct hypodensity <1/3 MCA territory on NCCT A mismatch between infarct core and penumbra (defined as infarct core <70 mL, mismatch ratio >1.2 and absolute mismatch volume >10 mL) measured on CTP/MRP Occlusion of ICA and M1 or M2 on CTA/MRA	Intracranial hemorrhage on NCCT/MRI Difficulty or inability to access cerebral arteries (proximal stenosis or dissection)

t-PA, tissue plasminogen activator; NIHSS, National Health Institute Stroke Severity Score; MCA, middle cerebral artery, with M1 and M2 segments; NCCT, noncontrast enhanced computed tomography; CTP, computed tomography perfusion imaging; MRP, magnetic resonance perfusion imaging; ICA, internal carotid artery; CTA, computed tomographic angiography; MRA, magnetic resonance angiography; ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.