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Amplitude ratio (upper plot of each part) and phase delay (lower plot of each part) of the steady-state responses of the rail and the external harmonic force, obtained with time domain simulation by linear and non-linear mechanical models of unit length of the ERS: (a) preload of 6 kN and dynamic force amplitude of 1 kN; (b) preload of 6 kN, 18 kN, 37 kN, 55 kN, and dynamic force amplitude of 1 kN.
