Table 3.

Logistic regression model of risk factors associated with having nodding syndrome, and risk factors of other forms of epilepsy in northern Uganda.

	Nodding Syndrome				Other Forms of Epilepsy
Characteristics	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p-Value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p-Value	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	p-Value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	p-Value
Sex
Female	1 (base)				1 (base)
Male	0.96 (0.61–1.50)	0.86	1.04 (0.62–1.76)	0.868	1.25 (0.80–1.97)	0.331	1.37 (0.77–2.30)	0.302
Age distribution
6–9	1 (base)				1 (base)		-
10–14	0.77 (0.15–4.04)	0.758	0.54 (0.07–4.18)	0.551	1.03 (0.51–2.06)	0.939	0.56 (0.06–5.50)	0.622
15–18	1.12 (0.22–5.68)	0.890	0.49 (0.07–3.68)	0.491	3.13 (1.50–6.52)	0.002	0.53 (0.05–5.08)	0.578
>18	1 (0.10–9.61)	1.000	0.34 (0.02–4.76)	0.425	3.40 (1.15–10.05)	0.027	0.31 (0.02–5.66)	0.431
Period the participant was born
Before family went to IDP camps	2.48 (1.02–6.02)	0.046	1.50 (0.53–4.24)	0.448	5.27 (1.67–16.67)	0.005	4.28 (1.20–15.15)	0.024 **
In the IDP camps	0.73 (0.29–1.87)	0.514	0.65 (0.22–1.94)	0.439	2.21 (0.68–7.17)	0.185	2.30 (0.63–8.40)	0.207
Never lived in IDP camps	1 (base)				1 (base)
Preterm birth β
Yes	3.35 (1.45–7.71)	0.005	2.54 (1.02–6.33)	0.046 **	2.71 (1.15–6.35)	0.022	1.77 (0.69–4.58)	0.236
History of severe malaria
Yes	0.52(0.30–0.90)	0.020	0.57 (0.30–1.07)	0.082	0.78 (0.47–1.30)	0.344	-	-
Seropositive for O. volvulus ¥
Yes	11.8 (5.80–24.20)	<0.001	8.79 (4.15–18.65)	<0.001 **	8.91(4.65–17.09)	<0.001	8.83 (4.48–17.86)	<0.001 **
Blind family member
Yes	1.50 (0.85–2.62)	0.165	1.39 (0.73–2.68)	0.319	1.13 (0.63–2.03)	0.675	-	-

Variables with p-value ≤ 0.25 at bi-variable analysis (unadjusted OR) proceeded to the multivariable model (adjusted analysis). ** Statistically significant on multivariable logistic regression (p-value ≤ 0.05); ^β Birth was less than nine (9) gestational months; ^¥ A sample was considered seropositive for O. volvulus when anti–OV-16 IgG signal-to-noise ratio was above a cut-off of 2.