Table 3.

Results of animal models.

Flavonol (Kaempferol, Fisetin, Myricetin)	Model (Prostate vs. Bladder Cancer)	Cell Line	Dose	Results	References
Kaempferol	Bladder cancer	5637	50, 100, 150 mg/kg every day for 4 weeks	Tumor growth and metastasis suppression	[39]
		T24	150 mg/kg every day for 31 days	Tumor growth inhibition Tumor volume: control mice (≃3000 mm3) vs. Tumor volume in treated mice (≃1000 mm3) DNA methylation modulation by inhibiting DNMT3B	[47]
Fisetin	Prostate cancer	NB26	1 mg/kg twice weekly for 28 days	Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition inhibition	[53]
		CWR22Rυ1	1 mg/animal twice weekly for 46 days	Tumor growth inhibition Tumor reached a volume of 1200 mm3 after 26 days in control mice and after 46 days in treated mice-PSA secretion inhibition	[54]
		22Rν1	20 mg/kg; 3 times/week for 7 weeks	Tumor growth Inhibition by decreasing proliferation and inducing apoptosis Tumor volume: control mice (≃1800 mm3) vs. Tumor volume in treated mice (≃1300 mm3) Overall survival increase	[55]
		PC-3M-luc-6		Tumor growth inhibition Tumor volume: control mice (≃600 mm3) vs. Tumor volume in treated mice (≃500 mm3)—Metastasis inhibition
		NB11 NB26	40 mg/kg~1 mg/animal) twice weekly until tumors reached a volume of 1200 mm3	Synthesis and degradation inhibition of hyaluronan, an enzyme involved in cancer progression	[56]
	Bladder cancer	Rat model of bladder cancer induced by intravesical N-methyl-N-nitrosourea	200 mg/kg weekly for 18 weeks	Apoptosis induction	[66]
Myricetin	Prostate cancer	PC-3	25 mg/kg every 2 days for 40 days	Cancer growth inhibition Tumor volume: control mice (≃1800 mm3) vs. Tumor volume in treated mice (≃600 mm3)-Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition inhibition	[68]