Table 2.
Characteristic of the studies included (animals) in the systematic review.
| Author (Year) | Country | Animal | Age/ Weight |
Type of Teeth | Experimental Materials | Comparing Materials | Follow-up | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Islam et al. 2021 [4] | Japan | Wister rats | 8–9 weeks | Maxillary first molar | Phosphorylated pullulan + MTA | MTA, Super Bond | 1, 3, 7, and 28 days | The experimental group showed more homogenous mineralized tissue formation compared to MTA and Super bond groups. |
| Yoon et al. 2021 [39] | Korea | Sprague-Dawley rats | 6–8 weeks | Maxillary first molar | Osteostatin + ProRoot MTA | ProRoot MTA | 4 weeks | The combined material group showed more mineralized dentin-bridge formation compared to ProRoot MTA group. |
| Trongkij et al. 2019 [40] | Thailand | Wister rats | 8 weeks | Maxillary first molar | Bio-MA | WMTA | 1, 3, and 30 days | Complete dentin-bridge formation was observed in the Bio-MA group which is similar to WMTA. |
| Hanada et al. 2019 [41] | Japan | Wister rats | 9 weeks | Maxillary first molar | Bioactive glass | Dycal and WMTA | 1, 4, and 7 days | Bioactive-glass-based cement induced a significant level of reparative dentin formation, similar to MTA. |
| Takahashi et al. 2019 [42] | Japan | Wister rats | 9 weeks | Maxillary first molars | S-PRG filler | MTA | 1, 2, and 4 weeks | S-PRG filler showed to promote tertiary dentinogenesis, which is similar to MTA. |
| Paula et al. 2019 [43] | Portugal | Wister rats | 12–14 weeks | First mandibular molars | WMTA and Biodentine | Positive control (exposure without treatment) | 3, 7, and 21 days | Mineralized tissue formation was observed in the WMTA and Biodentine group. Biodentine may lead to the formation of pulp calcifications. |
| Li et al. 2018 [44] | Belgium | Minipigs | 33–35 months | Incisors, canines, premolars and molars | Tricalcium silicate cement | ProRoot MTA and TheraCal | 70 days | Complete reparative dentin formation with tubular structures was observed in the tricalcium silicate and ProRoot MTA groups. |
| Trongkij et al. 2018 [45] | Thailand | Wister rats | 8 weeks | Maxillary first molar | Bio-MA | WMTA | 1 and 7 days | Bio-MA can stimulate reparative dentin formation which is similar to WMTA. |
| Shinkai et al. 2017 [46] | Japan | Sprague-Dawley rats | 8–9 weeks | Maxillary first molar | All-in-one adhesives (Clearfil Tri-SBond ND, G Bond Plus, Bond Force, Adper Easy Bond, Xeno V) | MTA | 14 days | MTA group showed complete dentin-bridge formation, whereas all-in-one adhesives group showed incomplete or partial dentin-bridge formation. |
| Negm et al. 2017 [47] | Egypt | Dogs | 4–6 months | Four teeth in three quadrants | Portland cement + 10% calcium hydroxide + 20% bismuth oxide, Portland cement + bismuth oxide | MTA | 3 weeks and 3 months | Addition of calcium hydroxide to Portland cement improves the dentin-bridge formation qualitatively and quantitatively. |
| Shi et al. 2016 [48] | China | Beagle dogs | 8 months | Maxillary and mandibular incisors | iRoot BP Plus | MTA | 3 months | Both experimental groups showed complete calcified bridge formation with no significant difference. |
| Suzuki et al. 2016 [49] | Japan | Sprague-Dawley rats | 6 weeks | Maxillary first molar | Adhesive resin – Primer I, II and III | Dycal | 14, 28, 56, and 112 days | Higher quality of the mineralized tissue formation was observed in the experimental groups. |
| Liu et al. 2015 [50] | China | Wister rats | 180–200 g | Maxillary first molars | iRoot BP Plus | MTA | 1 and 4 weeks | iRoot BP Plus induced the formation of reparative dentin bridge. |
| Tziafa et al. 2014 [51] | Greece | Miniature swine | 18 months | Incisors, canines, premolars and molars | Biodentine | MTA angelus | 3 and 8 weeks | The thickness of hard-tissue bridge formation was significantly higher in the Biodentine group. |
| Danesh et al. 2012 [52] | Tehran | Dogs | 18–24 months | Canine | Biomimetic carbonated apatite | MTA | 7 and 70 days | Biomimetic carbonated apatite did not induce hard-tissue bridge formation. |
| Dammaschke et al. 2010 [53] | Germany | Wister rats | 3 months | Maxillary first molars | Reculcin AquaPrime+ monoBond, ScotchBond 1, Gluma Comfort Bond | CH | 1, 3, 7, and 70 days | CH showed more frequent reparative dentin formation than the experimental groups. |
| Cui et al. 2009 [54] | China | Dog | 1.5 years | Incisor, canine, premolars and first molar | Clearfil SE Bond, Imperva FluoroBond, Prompt L-Pop |
Dycal | 7, 14, and 30 days | Hard-tissue formation was observed in the experimental group. |
| Lu et al. 2006 [55] | China | Beagles | 1 year | All teeth | Clearfil SE Bond | CH | 7, 30, and 90 days | Dentin-bridge formation was less in the experimental group than CH. |
| Koliniotou-Koumpia and Tziafas 2005 [56] | Greece | Dog | 2.5–3.5 years | Maxillary and mandibulary molars, premolars, canines, and third incisors | Clearfil SE bond, Prompt L-pop, Etch and prime 3.0, single-bond | Dycal | 7, 21, and 65 days | Continuous hard-tissue bridge formation was totally absence in the experimental groups. |
CH, calcium hydroxide; MTA, mineral trioxide aggregate; WMTA, white mineral trioxide aggregate; CaCl2, calcium chloride.