Table 1.
Environmental conditions, maize late wilt disease symptoms, and Magnaporthiopsis maydis infection levels in the growing seasons of 2016–2020 in northern Israel 1.
| Location and Year | Dates | Average Temp. | Precipitation | Leaf and Stem Tissue Showing Wilting | M. maydis DNA | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amir 2016 (spring-summer) |
25/5–2/8 (75 DAS) |
27 °C | 0.6 mm | 60% (69 DAS) 100% (75 DAS) |
0.05 (60 DAS) 7.8 × 10−5 (75 DAS) |
[42] |
| Amir 2017 (spring-summer) |
24/5–2/8 (70 DAS) |
27 °C | 0 mm | 73% | 6.26 | [52] |
| Neot Mordechai 2018 (spring-Summer) |
23/4–5/7 (73 DAS) |
25 °C | 30 mm | Less than 10% | 6.5 × 10−5 | [41] |
| Amir 2018 (summer) |
21/6–5/9 (71 DAS) |
28 °C | 3 mm | 72% | 0.02 | [41] |
| Gadash Farm 2019 (summer) |
6/8–30/10 (85 DAS) |
26 °C | 53 mm | 30% | 5.3 × 10−4 | [58] |
| Gadash Farm 2020 (autumn) |
10/9–1/12 (82 DAS) |
23 °C | 141 mm | Less than 10% | 4.5 × 10−4 | [58] |
1 The experiments were conducted in maize fields in the Hula Valley in Upper Galilee, northern Israel, located about 10 km from each other. The late wilt susceptible sweet maize Prelude cv. was assessed in all seasons. Average meteorological data were according to Israel Northern Research and Development Meteorological Station data—Hava 1. Dehydration percentage—the plants were classified as wilted when wilt symptoms appeared on the cobs’ spathes. M. maydis DNA—lower stem qPCR results of specific Magnaporthiopsis maydis DNA fragment normalized to the cytochrome c oxidase (COX).