Table 5.

Expected costs of and savings from vitamin D food fortification in Germany with respect to cancer mortality in 2016.

Intake of 25(OH)D by Food Fortification in IU/Day (40 IU = 1 µg) 1	Assumed Serum 25(OH)D Increase	Assumed Corresponding Expected Mortality Reduction	Cancer Deaths Prevented	Corresponding Savings (in Thousand €)	Costs (in Thousand €)	Net Savings (in Thousand €)	€/Life-Year Saved, Disregarding Savings
400	+20 nmol/L	11%	25,281	1,011,239	15,166	996,073	49
20% lower costs	+20 nmol/L	11%	25,281	1,011,239	12,133	999,106	39
20% higher costs	+20 nmol/L	11%	25,281	1,011,239	18,199	993,040	59
600	+30 nmol/L	13%	29,877	1,195,100	17,493	1,177,607	48
20% lower costs	+30 nmol/L	13%	29,877	1,195,100	13,994	1,181,106	39
20% higher costs	+30 nmol/L	13%	29,877	1,195,100	20,991	1,174,109	58
800	+40 nmol/L	15%	34,474	1,378,962	19,819	1,359,143	47
20% lower costs	+40 nmol/L	15%	34,474	1,378,962	15,855	1,363,107	38
20% higher costs	+40 nmol/L	15%	34,474	1,378,962	23,783	1,355,179	57
1000	+50 nmol/L	15.3%	35,164	1,406,541	22,146	1,384,395	52
20% lower costs	+50 nmol/L	15.3%	35,164	1,406,541	17,717	1,388,824	41
20% higher costs	+50 nmol/L	15.3%	35,164	1,406,541	26,575	1,379,966	62

Assuming savings of 40,000€ per prevented cancer death. Italic: Interpolated from achieved mortality reduction with lower and higher daily doses. ¹ One µg (40 IU) of 25(OH)D is expected to increase serum levels by approximately 2 nmol/L, following the meta-analysis of Autier et al. [21].