Table 1.

Correlation between intestinally generated uremic toxins and transit time of patients with CKD.

Correlation to BSS	All CKD Stages (n = 111)		CKD Stage 1–2 (n = 37)		CKD Stage 3 (n = 44)		CKD Stage 4–5 (n = 33)
Uremic Toxin	rs	p-Value	rs	p-Value	rs	p-Value	rs	p-Value
Indoxyl sulfate	−0.173	ns	−0.130	ns	−0.054	ns	−0.223	ns
Indole-3-acetic acid	−0.150	ns	−0.035	ns	−0.041	ns	−0.206	ns
Hippuric acid	−0.343	<0.001	−0.366	0.036	−0.153	ns	−0.318	ns
p-Cresyl sulfate	−0.287	0.003	−0.335	ns	−0.134	ns	−0.443	0.012
p-Cresyl glucuronide	−0.175	ns	−0.105	ns	−0.116	ns	−0.340	ns

BSS: Bristol stool scale which is used to assess transit time (slow transit = low BSS); CKD: chronic kidney disease; r_s: Spearman’s correlation coefficient; bold: significant; ns: not significant.