Table 1.

Dysbiosis microbial signatures in bone health issues.

Study Design		Specific Dysbiosis Microbial Signatures	Ref
Human	48 primary osteoporosis 48 healthy	Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacterioidia class, Bacteroidetes order, Ruminococcaceae family, Prevotellaceae family, Dialister genus, and Faecalibacterium genus have been revealed as the key microbes related to primary osteoporosis	[33]
Human	6 Normal control (NC) (5F,1M) 6 Osteopenia (ON) (5F,1M) Osteoporosis (OP) (5F,1M)	Higher Firmicutes and lower Bacteroidetes were in the osteoporosis group than in the normal group. Gemmatimonadetes and Chloroflexi were different between bone health issues groups and control group	[36]
Human	108 postmenopausal women	Klebsiella, Morganella, Escherichia/Shigella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Succinivibrio, and Desulfovibrio were significantly higher in the postmenopausal osteopenia group	[37]
Animal	40 female Sprague Dawley	Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio, Clostridium, Robinsoniella, Coprococcus, and Dialister increased significantly after ovariectomy. Ruminococcus flavefaciens was the greatest abundance.	[38]
Animal	6 Male C57BL mice	A strong positive correlation was demonstrated between members of the Actinobacteria phylum (including the Bifidobacteriaceae family) and bone volume fraction ratio	[39]