Table 4.

Antidiabetes functionality of phlorotannins.

Compounds	Origin	Antidiabetic Activities	Test System	Dosage *	Reference
Dieckol	E. cava	Suppress α-glucosidase.	Recombinant Human Aldo-keto Reductase rhAKR1B10	10 μM	[57]
6,6′-Bieckol	E. cava	Suppress PTP 1B.	Same as above	10 μM	[57]
7-Phloroeckol	E. cava	Suppress ACE and α-glucosidase.	Same as above	10 μM	[57]
2-phloroeckol	E. cava	Suppresss α-glucosidase and PTP 1B.	Same as above and pNPP substrate	10 μM. 10 and 5 mM	[54,55,57]
			α-amylase, α-glucosidase, glucose induced protein glycation and glucose diffusion through dialysis membrane	133.33 µg/mL to 6.66 µg/mL
Phlorofucofuroeckol-A	E. cava	Suppress α-glucosidase, PTP 1B, ACE, AGEs, and Aldose reductase.	pNPP substrate	25 and 10 mM	[54,55,56,58]
			AGE assay	200, 100, 50 mg/mL Positive contol: aminoguanidine
			α-amylase, α-glucosidase, glucose-induced protein glycation and glucose diffusion through dialysis membrane	133.33 µg/mL to 6.66 µg/mL
Phloroglucinol, Eckol, Dieckol, and Phlorofucofuroeckol	E. stolonifera	All can suppress α-glucosidase	Recombinant Human Aldo-keto Reductase rhAKR1B10 and type 2 diabetic db/db mice	10 μM	[53,57]

* Blank was used as negative control in all the cited research.