Table 1.
Mean GHQ-12, AQ, and WHOLQOL-BREF scores with individuals exceeding the cut-off.
| Assessment Tool | Total | EDS Subtype | F (df, p-Value) | Fisher’s (p-Value) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sEDS | cEDS | hEDS | vEDS | ||||
| 17 (10.9%) | 89 (57.1%) | 47 (30.1%) | 3 (1.9%) | ||||
| GHQ-12 Likert (SD) | 19.46 (4.81) | 23.18 (5.14) * | 18.60 (4.31) | 19.87 (5.08) | 17.33 (2.52) |
5.021
(3, p = 0.002) |
|
| n (%) with GHQ-2 score ≥ 14 | 142 (91.0%) | 17 (100%) | 78 (87.6%) | 44 (93.6%) | 3 (100%) | n.s. | |
| AQ (SD) | 19.99 (6.80) | 22.65 (6.86) | 19.57 (6.29) | 20.19 (7.62) | 14.33 (3.51) | 1.705 (3, p = 0.168) |
|
| n (%) with AQ score ≥ 32 | 11 (7.1%) | 2 (11.8%) | 5 (5.6%) | 4 (8.5%) | 0 | n.s. | |
| WHOQOL-General QoL(self-rated) (SD) | 3.00 (0.95) | 2.35 (0.79) * | 3.16 (0.95) | 2.98 (0.92) | 2.33 (0.58) |
4.182
(3, p = 0.007) |
|
| WHOQOL-Health satisfaction(self-rated) (SD) | 2.46 (1.00) | 2.12 (0.78) | 2.57 (1.00) | 2.38 (1.05) | 2.00 (1.00) | 1.359 (3, p = 0.258) |
|
| Physical Health (SD) | 45.56 (22.41) | 36.55 (22.75) | 49.88 (22.11) | 39.21 (20.06) * | 67.86 (28.57) |
4.557
(3, p = 0.004) |
|
| n (%) with domain score < 70 | 127 (81.4%) | 15 (88.2%) | 68 (76.4%) | 42 (89.4%) | 2 (66.7%) | n.s. | |
| n (%) with severe impairment | 28 (17.9%) | 6 (35.3%) | 8 (9.0%) * | 14 (29.8%) | 0 |
12.943
(p = 0.003) |
|
| Psychological (SD) | 55.05 (19.50) | 38.97 (19.98) * | 58.71 (17.70) | 53.72 (20.01) | 58.33 (20.83) |
5.427
(3, p = 0.001) |
|
| n (%) with domain score < 70 | 115 (73.7%) | 14 (82.4%) | 62 (69.7%) | 37 (78.7%) | 2 (66.7%) | n.s. | |
| n (%) with severe impairment | 30 (19.2%) | 8 (47.1%) * | 12 (13.5%) | 10 (21.3%) | 0 |
9.427
(p = 0.018) |
|
| Social Relationship (SD) | 53.37 (24.24) | 38.24 (21.66) * | 57.12 (23.69) | 50.71 (24.62) | 69.44 (4.81) |
3.734
(3, p = 0.013) |
|
| n (%) with domain score < 70 | 115 (73.7%) | 16 (94.1%) | 62 (69.7%) | 35 (74.5%) | 2 (66.7%) | n.s. | |
| n (%) with severe impairment | 30 (19.2%) | 7 (41.2%) | 13 (14.6%) | 10 (21.3%) | 0 | n.s. | |
| Environment (SD) | 54.43 (17.27) | 47.24 (17.85) | 56.74 (17.18) | 52.73 (17.20) | 53.13 (5.41) | 1.694 (3, p = 0.171) |
|
| n (%) with domain score < 70 | 130 (83.3%) | 15 (88.2%) | 72 (80.9%) | 40 (85.1%) | 3 (100%) | n.s. | |
| n (%) with severe impairment | 23 (14.7%) | 5 (29.4%) | 7 (7.9%) | 11 (23.4%) | 0 |
9.226
(p = 0.018) |
|
Legend: AQ: Autism quotient; EDS: Ehler Danlos Syndrome (c: Classical; h: Hypermobile; s: Suspected; v: Vascular); GHQ: Global Health Questionnaire; QoL: Quality of Life; SD: Standard deviation; WHOQOL: World health Organization Quality of Life assessment tool. Bold values refer to significant F statistics or Fisher’s exact test. Italic with * refers to significant post-hoc comparisons corrected with Bonferroni’s method. Cronbach’s α >0.7 for each assessment tool.