TME	Tumor microenvironment
MSCs	Mesenchymal stem cells
CAFs	Cancer-associated fibroblasts
CSCs	cancer stem cells
NK	natural killer
TEXs	Tumor-derived exosomes
TAAs	Tumor-associated antigens
HCC	human hepatocellular carcinoma
ECA	esophageal carcinoma tissue
KIRs	killer immunoglobulin receptors
NCRs	natural cytotoxicity receptors
AML	acute myelogenous leukaemia
TAMs	Tumor-associated macrophages
EGCG	epigallocatechin gallate
DDS	drug delivery systems
PAC	paclitaxel
TRCs	tumor-repopulating cells
CTCs	circulating tumor cells
PTC	papillary thyroid cancer
CRC	colorectal cancer
HSP70	heat shock protein 70
TSP1	platelet-reactive protein 1
LDH-C4	lactate dehydrogenase C4
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
PPIs	proton-pump inhibitors
GC	gastric cancer
PC	pancreatic cancer
HSPGs	Heparan sulfate proteoglycans
NPC	nasopharyngeal carcinoma
FGF	fibroblast growth factor
GC-Exos	Gastric cancer cell-derived exosomes
CAFs	Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts