Table 1.
County characteristics based on Anselin Moran’s I results for Time Point 1.
| Time Point 1: Rates from 22 January–16 May 2020 Results | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unclustered (n = 1531) | High COVID-19 Rate Clusters (n = 349) | Low COVID-19 Rate Clusters (n = 1021) | High COVID-19 Rate Outlier (n = 57) | Low COVID-19 Rate Outlier (n = 150) | |
| Range | |||||
| Characteristics (S.D.) | |||||
| Cases per 100,000 people |
228.13 (534.16) |
855.73 (788.15) *** |
47.75 (45.53) *** |
452.50 (216.06) ** |
133.67 (63.33) * |
| % Rural |
56.49% (31.12%) |
45.96% (33.57%) *** |
64.72% (29.76%) *** |
54.39% (30.74%) |
68.20% (28.72%) *** |
| % Female |
49.94% (2.17%) |
50.64% (2.43%) *** |
49.72% (2.08%) * |
48.56% (4.02%) *** |
50.01% (2.33%) |
| % of Age Group (S.D.) | |||||
| % under 18 |
22.00% (3.26%) |
22.69% (3.25%) ** |
21.90% (3.76%) |
22.19% (3.16%) |
22.31% (2.86%) |
| % 65 and older |
19.05% (4.50%) |
17.21% (3.50%) *** |
20.52% (5.02%) *** |
18.47% (4.36%) |
19.15% (4.27%) |
| Race/Ethnicity (S.D.) | |||||
| % White |
76.66% (18.36%) |
61.02% (20.60%) *** |
81.00% (19.56%) *** |
75.19% (19.03%) |
77.33% (17.67%) |
| % Black |
9.94% (13.81%) |
23.34% (21.92%) *** |
2.43% (3.62%) *** |
4.74% (5.37%) * |
14.07% (17.25%) ** |
| % Native American |
1.27% (3.45%) |
1.64% (7.58%) |
3.40% (9.67%) *** |
3.42% (7.76%) *** |
0.50% (0.68%) * |
| % Asian |
1.53% (2.60%) |
2.62% (3.91%) *** |
1.06% (1.73%) *** |
1.32% (1.65%) |
1.01% (1.86%) |
| % Hispanic |
9.27% (12.47%) |
10.17% (11.57%) |
10.50% (16.91%) * |
14.00% (15.82%) * |
5.66% (5.83%) * |
| % Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander |
0.02% (0.17%) |
0.01% (0.13%) |
0.04% (0.24%) * |
0.07% (0.26%) * |
0.01% (0.08%) |
| Black/White Segregation |
44.61 (16.55) |
42.53 (15.96) * |
49.97 (15.02) *** |
47.07 (15.67) |
35.11 (16.33) *** |
| Median Household Income |
53,674.39 (13,082.72) |
56,927.61 (21,725.10) * |
49,665.37 (10,315.00) *** |
52,178.53 (12,946.71) |
52,934.70 (14,757.76) |
| Community Characteristics (S.D.) | |||||
| High School Graduation Rate |
88.76% (6.51%) |
86.59% (7.33%) *** |
89.64% (7.58%) * |
89.02% (6.34%) |
89.80% (7.91%) |
| % Some College |
58.43% (11.60%) |
57.54% (13.10%) |
57.25% (11.33%) ** |
55.63% (13.40%) |
58.46% (13.50%) |
| % Homeowners |
71.52% (7.83%) |
68.92% (9.86%) *** |
72.54% (7.50%) ** |
70.21% (8.16%) |
71.61% (9.31%) |
| % Single Parent Household |
32.41% (9.92%) |
38.55% (14.45%) *** |
30.28% (9.22%) *** |
30.89% (7.38%) |
31.69% (12.10%) |
| % Severe Housing Issues |
13.69% (3.86%) |
15.94% (4.67%) *** |
13.27% (4.12%) * |
12.35% (3.83%) * |
12.65% (3.99%) ** |
| % Severe Housing Cost Burden |
11.28% (3.44%) |
13.45% (4.12%) *** |
10.64% (3.26%) *** |
10.12% (3.41%) * |
10.95% (3.95%) |
| % Food Insecure |
13.08% (3.57%) |
14.53% (6.33%) *** |
13.12% (3.15%) |
12.65% (3.63%) |
13.81% (5.11%) * |
| Food Environment Index |
7.56 (0.99) |
7.26 (1.61) *** |
7.39 (1.063) *** |
7.55 (1.12) |
7.43 (1.43) |
| % Uninsured |
12.93% (5.80%) |
13.60% (6.41%) |
14.34% (6.67%) *** |
15.16% (7.50%) ** |
13.05% (4.82%) |
| % Unemployed |
4.02% (1.30%) |
4.47% (1.60%) *** |
4.15% (1.49%) * |
3.84% (1.28%) |
3.83% (1.49%) |
| County Level Health Related factors (S.D.) | |||||
| Life Expectancy |
77.64 (2.91) |
77.30 (3.35) |
77.25 (3.03) ** |
77.87 (3.44) |
77.13 (2.86) * |
| % Adults with Diabetes |
12.14% (4.01%) |
12.68% (4.46%) * |
12.04% (3.94%) |
12.32% (4.63%) |
12.81% (4.22%) |
| % Fair or Poor Health |
17.48% (4.14%) |
19.63% (5.99%) *** |
18.00% (4.81%) ** |
17.75% (4.63%) |
18.48% (5.70%) ** |
| % Smokers |
17.22% (3.10%) |
17.81% (3.98%) ** |
17.56% (4.01%) * |
17.23% (3.30% |
18.13% (3.76%) ** |
| % Adults with Obesity |
32.90% (5.41%) |
33.47% (6.31%) |
32.43% (4.98%) * |
32.77% (6.77%) |
34.83% (5.34%) *** |
| % Physically Inactive |
27.30% (5.76%) |
28.16% (6.22%) * |
27.26% (5.18%) |
26.51% (6.27%) |
29.47% (6.36%) *** |
Note: T-test were used to compare values for each “Unclustered Counties” to each remaining group. p-value: *** < 0.001; ** <0.01; * < 0.05.