Table 5.
Meta-analysis of Adverse Effects Associated with Leucovorin in Children with ASD. Bold and italics indicate significant effects across studies.
| Leucovorin Alone | Leucovorin Combination | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Adverse Effect | Incidence (95% CI) | Adverse Effect | Incidence (95% CI) |
| Abdominal Pain | 1.7% (0.0%, 4.8%) | Abdominal Pain | 2.1% (0.0%, 7.2%) |
| Aggression | 9.5% (4.2%, 16.3%) | Aggression | 1.3% (0.1%, 3.6%) |
| Blood in Stool | 1.7% (0.0%, 4.8%) | Attention Problems | 0.9% (0.0%, 2.9%) |
| Confusion | 1.8% (0.0%, 5.0%) | Constipation/Diarrhea | 7.4% (0.0%, 21.5%) |
| Constipation | 2.6% (0.0%, 7.4%) | Dizziness | 2.1% (0.0%, 7.2%) |
| Decreased Appetite | 2.6% (0.0%, 7.4%) | Headaches | 0.9% (0.0%, 2.5%) |
| Depression | 230% (0.0%, 6.9%) | Hyperactivity | 2.5% (0.0%, 8.8%) |
| Diarrhea | 2.3% (0.0%, 7.0%) | Impulsivity | 1.0% (0.0%, 2.7%) |
| Dry Mouth, Excessive Thirst | 5.0% (0.0%, 13.6%) | Increased Appetite | 3.2% (0.0%, 12.1%) |
| Emotional Lability | 2.0% (0.0%, 7.4%) | Irritability | 1.0% (0.0%, 2.7%) |
| Excitement or Agitation | 11.7% (1.1%, 28.8%) | Nausea/Vomiting | 0.9% (0.0%, 2.9%) |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux | 2.8% (0.2%, 7.5%) | Rash | 0.9% (0.0%, 2.5%) |
| Headache | 4.9% (1.3%, 10.5%) | Reduced Sleep | 1.9% (0.0%, 6.3%) |
| Insomnia | 8.5% (0.2%, 23.8%) | Sedation | 1.7% (0.0%, 5.6%) |
| Increased Motor Activity | 7.4% (0.0%, 21.8%) | Worsening Behavior | 8.5% (3.9%, 14.6%) |
| Increased Tantrums | 6.2% (1.5%, 13.3%) | ||
| Involuntary Movements | 2.6% (0.0%, 7.4%) | ||
| Restlessness | 3.4% (0.0%, 10.6%) | ||
| Stiffness | 1.7% (0.0%, 5.0%) | ||
| Viral Infection | 10.3% (0.0%, 33.8%) | ||
| Weight Gain | 2.6% (0.0%, 7.4%) | ||