Table 1.
Viruses that use exosomes for cell-to-cell delivery.
| Viruses | Exosome Content | References |
|---|---|---|
| Non-enveloped virus (Exosomes-like vesicles): | ||
| Hepatitis A, B, C | viral particles, viral RNA, proteins | [71,72,73,74] |
| Poliovirus (PV) | virions, viral RNA and replication proteins | [75] |
| Enveloped virus: | ||
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | virus and viral constituents (such as viral microRNA (miRNA), viral proteins Gag and Nef | [76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83] |
| dengue virus (DENV) | complete RNA genome and proteins of DENV | [84,85] |
| Ebola virus (EBOV) | proteins (VP40, GP, NP) and RNA | [86] |
| respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | different mRNA species, small non-coding RNAs, nucleocapsid protein N, attachment protein G, and fusion protein F | [87] |
| alpha (Herpes Simplex Virus 1), beta (Human Cytomegalovirus, and Human Herpesvirus 6), and gamma (Epstein–Barr Virus, and Kaposi Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus) herpesviruses | viral DNA, mRNAs, miRNAs, and some EBV proteins: EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) and latent membrane proteins 1 and 2 (LMP-1 and LMP-2) | [88,89,90] |