Table 1.
Nanoparticle Formulation | Therapeutic Action | Properties | References |
---|---|---|---|
MnO2 | Hypoxia relief | Catalyzes intratumorally H2O2 and generates O2 | [66] |
MnO2 + GoX | Hypoxia relief | Reduces glucose content and improves oxygen availability by catalyzing H2O2 | [67] |
MnO2 | Hypoxia relief | Improves the therapeutic efficacy by increasing oxygen content | [63,68] |
MnO2 + Fe3O4/SiO2 | Hypoxia relief | Oxygen boosters; release hypoxia by degrading H2O2 | [69] |
Pt nanoparticles + Zirconium shells | Hypoxia relief | Reduce tumor hypoxia and convert O2 into cytotoxic ROS | [70] |
Pt-CuS Janus nanoconstruct | Hypoxia relief | Regulates the catalytic activity using Pt and improves the efficiency of sonodynamic therapy | [71] |
Pt+ self-assembled micelle using Ce6 and PEG along with UCNPs | Hypoxia relief | Increases oxygen production and effectively generates ROS upon exposure to a 980 nm laser for tumor clearance Photo-chemotherapy of the tumor hypoxic environment |
[72] |
Fe2O3 + SiO2 and Au2O3 | Hypoxia relief | Improves the anticancer effects of dox by modulating tumor hypoxia via light induced O2 production | [73] |
CuO @ ZrO2coreshell | Hypoxia relief | CuO in the core shell ameliorates tumor hypoxia by improving oxygen level and boosting chemotherapy | [74] |
Iron Oxide | Thermal ablation | Passive heat production for improved eradication of tumor microenvironment by inductively coupled plasma and AMF | [75,76] |
Gold | Thermal ablation | Thermal ablation was achieved by delivering shortwave radiofrequency in order to destroy the tumor cells | [77,78] |
Gold | Thermal ablation | The photothermal ability of internalized gold nanoparticles has been used to synergistically eradicate cancer cells | [79] |
Gold nanostars | Thermal ablation | Exhibit improved photothermal ability upon internalization into endosomes both in vitro and in vivo | [80] |
Silver Hybrid nanocomplex | Thermal ablation | Upon irradiation with an 840 nm laser, the hybrid nanocomplex was found to exhibit an increase in temperature levels, leading to cell death | [81] |
Palladium | Thermal ablation | PDT/PTT combination therapy is effective in reducing tumor size compared with single therapy | [82] |
Gold-silver nanocage | ROS generation | Owing to excessive production of ROS, the nanocomplex destroys the cell membrane, leading to apoptosis | [83] |
MgO | ROS generation | Aids in lipid peroxidation and leads to apoptosis | [61] |
CuO | ROS generation | Cell death occurs due to the increased production of ROS | [84] |
ZnO | ROS generation | Varying concentrations of ZnO increases the levels of various ROS, leading to cell death | [85] |
ZnO | ROS generation | Combined anticancer and antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles via ROS generation | [86] |
MgO | GSH depletion | Helps reduce GSH concentration in the tumor cells and aids in tumor destruction | [87] |
MnO2 | GSH depletion | Depletes the intracellular levels of GSH, thus improving the efficacy of chemodynamic therapy | [54] |
Cu-TCPP MOF | GSH depletion | Efficiently degrades the intracellular GSH and converts it into oxidized glutathione | [59] |