| BGs | Bacterial ghosts |
| MraY | Phospho-MurNAc-pentapeptide translocase |
| BPL | β-propiolactone |
| DAP | diaminopimelic acid |
| SNUC | staphylococcal nuclease |
| MAP | model amphipathic peptide |
| PAMPs | pathogen-associated molecular patterns |
| LPS | lipopolysaccharide |
| LPP | lipoprotein |
| TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4 |
| IFN-1 | I interferon |
| MIC | minimum inhibitory concentration |
| TLR2 | Toll-like receptor 2 |
| APCs | antigen-presenting cells |
| NLRC4 | Nod-like receptor card domain containing 4 |
| PGN | peptidoglycan |
| HCDECs | human conjunctiva-derived epithelial cells |
| BMDCs | bone marrow-derived DCs |
| Iclp | invariant chain-like protein |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| OMVs | outer membrane vesicles |
| OMPA | outer membrane protein A |
| CIP | ciprofloxacin |
| ECN E | coli nissle 1917 |
| 5-FU | 5-fluorouridine |
| DC | dendritic cell |