Table 4.
Surgical methods of DED induction and experiment schedule.
| Animal | Name of Parts | Starting of Treatment | End of Experiment | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SD rats | The left exorbital lacrimal gland was surgically excised | At three days after surgery, orally administered for 7 days | After 7 days of treatment | Kang et al. [106] |
| C57BL/6 mice | Surgical excision of the left exorbital lacrimal gland | At three days after surgery 20 µL twice daily for 5 days | 5 days after treatment | Kim et al. [107] 2016 |
| Male Wistar rats | Surgical excision of the left exorbital lacrimal gland | At three days after surgery, 20 µL twice daily for 4 days | 7 days after operation | Park et al. [108] 2018 |
| C57BL/6 mice | Dry eye based on severe aqueous fluid deficiency, by excising both the exorbital and intraorbital lacrimal glands of mice. | – | 8 weeks | Shinomiya et al. [14] 2018 |
| Squirrel Monkey | Unilateral removal of main lacrimal gland. | 20 weeks | Maitchouk et al. [95] 2000 | |
| BALB/c mice | After anesthesia, 10 or 20 μL concanavalin A (ConA) that was diluted in phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) at concentrations of 10 mg/mL was injected into the intraorbital gland through a transconjunctival approach using a Hamilton syringe with a 33-gauge needle under an operating microscope | Immediately after ConA injection, hMSCs (1 × 103 or 1 × 105 cells/20 μL BSS), mMSCs (1 × 105 cells/20 μL BSS), or the same volume of BSS were injected into the periorbital space using a 30-gauge needle syringe | After 7 days | Lee et al. [101] 2015 |
| BALB/c mice | 20 µL ConA that was diluted in PBS at the concentration of 10 mg/mL was injected into both intraorbital and extraorbital lacrimal glands of BALB/c mice using a Hamilton syringe with a 33-gauge needle | Recombinant human (rh) TSG-6 (1 µg/10 µL was topically instilled four times a day (QID) to the ocular surface of the mice for 7 days | After 7 days of treatment | Lee et al. [102] 2015 |
| Balb/c mice | Dry eye disease was induced using 10 mg/mL of ConA (20 µL) in PBS, which was injected into the lacrimal glands with a 28.5 gauge needle using a dissecting microscope | Individually combined together and injected with ConA | After 7 days of treatment | Ratay et al. [100] 2017 |
| NZW rabbit | After anesthesia, rabbits were injected with 500 μg of Con A in 50 μL of saline in the lacrimal glands bilaterally using a 26-gauge needle | 24 h after Con A injection, ophthalmic solution four times a day for 6 days | 48 h after last Con A injection | Seo et al. [103] 2010 |
| NZW rabbit | A single 30 μL volume 300 μg Con A was injected into the lacrimal gland using a 30-gauge needle and a Hamilton syringe | Injected combined with ConA | 7 days after treatment | Zheng et al. [104] 2015 |
| New Zealand albino rabbits | Lacrimal glands and Meibomian glands. The Harderian | After 10 weeks | Polans et al. [96] 2017 | |
| Japanese albino rabbits | The lacrimal and harderian glands and nictitating membrane were removed surgically | 4 months after surgery | Chen et al. [44] 2011 | |
| New Zealand white rabbits weighing | The lacrimal gland, Harderian gland, and nictitating membrane of the left eyes were surgically removed | On day 56 | Li et al. [45] 2013 | |
| New Zealand white rabbits | Nictitating membrane (NM), Harderian gland (HG), and main LG | 4 months after excision | Bhattacharya et al. [43] 2015 | |
| New Zealand white rabbits | Resection of main LG, HG, and NM | Ning et al. [42] 2016 | ||
| CBA/J mice | Injection of 0.05 mL of 20-mU BTX-B solutions into the left lacrimal gland | 3 days after BTX injection | 4 weeks after BTX injection | Lekhanont et al. [105] 2007 |