Table 6.

Some selected genetic mouse models and time point DED-related symptoms.

Animal	Time of Induction	Detected Symptoms Related to DED	References
TGF-β1 knockout mouse	2 and 4 weeks of age	Significant inflammatory cell infiltrates in the lacrimal gland between the ages of 2 and 4 weeks	McCartney Francis et al. [123] 1997
NOD. Aire KO mice	6 weeks of age	Severe corneal pathology observed	Vijmasi et al. [124] 2013
NRTN−/− mice	6 weeks of age	Tear volume and mucin production are decreased, and ocular surface inflammation are increased	Cha et al. [121] 2002
C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1R1Aec2,	19–22 weeks of age	Male mice displayed a high level of dacryoadenitis	Nguyen et al. [125] 2006
NOD.B10.H2b	12 weeks of age	Severe corneal pathology observed	Lee et al. [75] 2017, Kim et al. [76] 2015, Lee et al. [102] 2015
TSP-1−/− mice	6–12 weeks of age	6–8 weeks, changes of LG epithelial cells and their functional loss are observed At 12 weeks, the loss of corneal surface integrity and corneal nerve morphology, conjunctival infiltrates, and loss of conjunctival goblet cells	Masli et al. [120] 2020
IL-2Rα (CD25) knockout mice	8 weeks of age	CD4+ cells are detected in the conjunctiva beginning at 8 weeks of age and disrupted only from 12 weeks onwards.	Masli et al. [120] 2020
NFS/sld mice	8 weeks of age	At 8 weeks, inflammatory lesions of lacrimal glands and Harderian glands, loss of ocular surface integrity, and conjunctival goblet cells observed.	Arakaki et al. [126] 2014
IQI/Jic mouse	9 months of age	After 21 days housed in the ICES, the mice were administered 10 μ of eye drops, four times daily (every 6 h) for 14 days, during which the mice remained housed in the ICES.	Chen et al. [127] 2009