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. 2021 Nov 10;22(22):12173. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212173

Table 2.

Centrin targets.

Centrin Identified Target Complex
Localization		 Function/Pathway Centrin Binding Motif of Targets Target Binding Affinity a PDB CODE Refs
HsCEN2 XPC Nucleus NER 847-NWKLLAKGLLIRERLKR-863 with Ca2+, Ka = 170 ± 30 × 106 M−1
without Ca2+, Ka = 8 ± 1 × 106 M−1 		2GGM,
2OBH,
2A4J		 [17,43,49,76,77,87]
HsCEN2 XPA Nucleus NER N/A b N/A N/A [87,88]
CDC31 RAD4 Nucleus DNA repair and
protein degradation		 N/A N/A N/A [28]
AtCEN2 AtRAD4 Nucleus NER 756-EAQAASRWYQLLSSILTR-773 with Ca2+, Kd = 54 ± 14 nM
without Ca2+, Kd = 8 ± 1 µM		 N/A [18,22]
HsCEN1 HsSFI1 (R18) c Basal body/
centrosome		 Centrosome
duplication		 670-REVAARESQHNRQLLRGALRRWK-692 with Ca2+, Ka = 12.03 × 105 M−1
without Ca2+, Ka = 0.03 × 105 M−1 		N/A [29,89]
HsCEN2 HsSFI1(R17) Basal body/
centrosome		 Centrosome
duplication		 641-RADLHHQHSVLHRALQAWVT-660 with Ca2+, Ka = 6.5 ± 0.9 × 106 M−1
without Ca2+, Ka = 0.25 ± 0.02 × 106 M−1 		2K2I [29,78,90]
CDC31 ScSFI1 (R18) SPB SPB duplication 680- IQAISKRNYQLEKMVLKKFR -699 with Ca2+, Ka = 1 ± 0.03 × 107 M−1
without Ca2+, Ka = 2.4 ± 0.13 × 105 M−1 		2GV5,
2DOQ		 [19,70,74,91]
CDC31 ScSFI1 (R19) SPB SPB duplication 710- ELADEVREEFVLVKTFYIWK -729 with Ca2+, Ka = 3.5 ± 0.29 × 107 M−1
without Ca2+, Ka = 1.9 ± 0.3 × 105 M−1 		N/A [19,70,74,91]
HsCEN2
HsCEN3		 GANP Nuclear pore mRNA export 1225-IFQTAKETLQELQCFCKYLQRWR-1247 N/A N/A [20,25,92]
CDC31 SAC3 Nuclear pore mRNA export 797-KFFEKWQASYSQAKKNRI-814 with Ca2+, Ka = 2.2 ± 0.2 × 107 M−1
without Ca2+, Ka = 1.5 ± 0.11 × 106 M−1 		3FWB,
3FWC,
4MBE		 [19,20,24,93,94]
AtCEN1
AtCEN2		 SAC3B Nuclear pore mRNA export 1050-AKAKLKLIIRLWKRWSSRQSELRERR-1075 with Ca2+, Ka = 1.5 x 106 ± 5.5 × 105 M−1
without Ca2+, Ka = 4.1 x 105 ± 8.3 × 104 M−1 		N/A [21,95,96]
CDC31 KAR1 SPB SPB duplication 237-KKRELIESKWHRLLFHDKK-255 with Ca2+, Ka = 2.3 ± 0.15 × 107 M−1
without Ca2+, Ka = 4.4 ± 0.1 × 105 M−1 		N/A [8,19,80,97]
HsCEN1 Transducin β Photoreceptor
Connecting Cilium		 Phototransduction 325-MAVATGSWDSFLKIWN-340 with Ca2+, Ka = 0.17 ± 0.12 × 106 M−1 N/A [23,29,84]
HsCEN2 POC5 Basal body/
centrosome		 Centriole elongation 156-LQKMENVLDLWSSGLKTN-173
245-KIELMRTFFHWRIGHVRA-262
278-RTLLKKVWKVWRSVVQKQ-295		 N/A N/A [98,99]
HsCEN2 PRP40A Nucleus Pre-mRNA splicing 524-KQLRKRNWEALKNILDNMANVTYSTTWSEAQQY-556 with Ca2+, Ka = 3.6 x ± 0.4 × 106 M−1 N/A [75]
HsCEN2 NUP107-160 Nuclear pore mRNA and
protein nuclear export		 N/A N/A N/A [25]
HsCEN2 MPS1 Centrosome Centriole assembly N/A N/A N/A [100]
HsCEN3 MPS1 Centrosome Inhibition of centrosome duplication N/A N/A N/A [101]
CDC31 MPS3p SPB SPB duplication N/A N/A N/A [102]
HsCEN2 CP110 Centrosome Cytokinesis N/A N/A N/A [103]
HsCEN2 CDC25B Centrosome
Cytoplasm		 Centrosome integrity N/A N/A N/A [104,105]
HsCEN2 Gelectin-3 Centrosome N/A N/A N/A N/A [106]
CDC31 KIC1p N/A Cell integrity/
morphogenesis		 N/A N/A N/A [107,108]
CDC31 26S proteasome Cytoplasm/
proteasome		 Protein degradation N/A N/A N/A [28]
CDC31 cytosolic and mitochondrial factors Mitochondria Energy metabolism N/A N/A N/A [109]
CDC31 VPS13 N/A TGN
(trans-Golgi network) –PVC
(prevacuolar compartment) transport and
TGN homotypic fusion		 N/A N/A N/A [110,111]
AtCEN1 Tonneau1 Cytoskeleton microtubule centers
organization		 N/A N/A N/A [1]

a Ka = equilibrium association constant; Kd = dissociation constant. Kd is the inverse of the equilibrium association constant, Ka, (i.e., Kd = 1/Ka). b N/A not available. c The repeats (R) in SFI1 are numbered as they appear in the protein sequence.