Table 5.
Effect of behavioral factors and precautionary practices on secondary attack rate (SAR).
| SAR% (95% CI) |
PCR+/ HH Contacts |
p-Value a | Crude OR (95% CI) |
p-Value | Adjusted OR b
(95% CI) |
p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Behavioral factors: contact with the primary case prior to confirmation of infection | ||||||||
| Cared for | No | 48 (35–61) | 51/106 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 53 (27–78) | 8/15 | 0.70 | 1.14 (0.31–2.74) | 0.91 | 0.54 (0.04–6.79) | 0.63 | |
| Hugged | No | 39 (21–61) | 11/28 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 52 (37–66) | 48/93 | 0.28 | 3.26 (0.54–9.60) | 0.20 | 3.90 (0.55–27.7) | 0.17 | |
| Kissed | No | 44 (29–60) | 26/59 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 53 (36–70) | 33/62 | 0.41 | 7.14 (0.86–9.10) | 0.07 | 5.27 (0.63–44.0) | 0.13 | |
| Shook/ held hands |
No | 47 (30–65) | 16/34 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 49 (36–63) | 43/87 | 0.80 | 3.51 (0.56–22.02) | 0.18 | 4.30 (0.52–35.5) | 0.18 | |
| Ate together | No | 50 (25–75) | 6/12 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 49 (36–62) | 53/109 | 0.91 | 1.58 (0.20–2.78) | 0.67 | 1.72 (0.19–15.1) | 0.63 | |
| Shared a cup/glass/bottle | No | 49 (36–62) | 50/102 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 47 (20–77) | 9/19 | 0.92 | 0.85 (0.10–0.25) | 0.88 | 0.60 (0.06–5.64) | 0.65 | |
| Slept in the same room | No | 43 (26–61) | 25/58 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 54 (39–68) | 34/63 | 0.30 | 3.40 (0.79–4.66) | 0.10 | 2.58 (0.53–12.5) | 0.24 | |
| Shared a bed | No | 42 (27–60) | 25/59 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 55 (40–69) | 34/62 | 0.19 | 2.93 (0.68–2.54) | 0.15 | 2.18 (0.45–10.5) | 0.34 | |
| Shared a toilet | No | 20 (2–71) | 2/10 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 51 (38–65) | 57/111 | 0.10 | 117 (0.5–26,964) | 0.085 | 125 (0.5–29,152) | 0.08 | |
| Precautionary practices: performed by primary cases after confirmation of infection | ||||||||
| Isolated c | No | 67 (40–86) | 33/22 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 42 (28–57) | 37/88 | 0.10 | 0.07 (0.00–1.15) | 0.06 | 0.06 (0.00–1.19) | 0.07 | |
| Social distanced (≥2 m) | No | 59 (40–76) | 35/59 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 39 (23–57) | 24/62 | 0.11 | 0.11 (0.01–1.31) | 0.08 | 0.10 (0.01–1.32) | 0.08 | |
| Used face mask |
No | 55 (38–70) | 46/84 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 35 (19–56) | 13/37 | 0.12 | 0.13 (0.01–1.62) | 0.11 | 0.12 (0.01–1.51) | 0.10 | |
| Slept in a different room | No | 67 (44–85) | 29/43 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 38 (25–54) | 30/78 | 0.03 | 0.08 (0.01–0.98) | 0.048 | 0.07 (0.00–0.98) | 0.048 | |
| Used separate bathroom/toilet | No | 53 (38–68) | 41/77 | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | |||
| Yes | 41 (21–64) | 18/44 | 0.35 | 0.30 (0.03–3.00) | 0.31 | 0.30 (0.02–3.63) | 0.34 | |
| Did not share a towel/items d | No | 69 (25–94) | 11/16 | NA | NA | |||
| Yes | 49 (32–67) | 30/61 | 0.34 | |||||
a Pearson chi2 test statistics was corrected with the second-order correction of Rao and Scott and converted into an F statistic. b adjusted for age and sex of the primary case and household contacts, and household size (number of persons per household). c defined as resided in a separate room and kept ≥2 m distance from the rest of the household members, did not share a bedroom. d if shared a bathroom/toilet. PCR+, PCR positive. p-Values < 0.05 are shown in bold.