Table 3.
Vaccine Effectiveness against Beta (B.1.351) and Gamma (P.1) Variants.
| Reference | Study Type | Population and Period | Location | Peer-Reviewed | Vaccine + | Reported Vaccine Efficacy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [18] | Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials | N/A | South Africa | Χ | NVX-CoV2373 | Against B.1.351: 60% (CI Not reported) * |
| [19] | Test negative case-control study | Qatari resident. February-March, 2021 | Qatar | √ | BNT162b2 | Against B.1.351 Single dose: 16.9% (95% CI 10.4–23.0) Double dose: 75.0% (70.5–78.9) ≥14 days after the second dose |
| [20] | Test negative case-control study | 104, 884 PCR-confirmed and negative for B.1.351 Qatari residents. 28 December 2020–10 May 2021 | Qatar | √ | mRNA-1273 | Against B.1.351 Single dose: 61.3% (95% CI 56.5–65.5) ≥14 days after the first dose Double dose: 96.4% (91.9–98.7) ≥14 days after the second dose |
| [32] | Case-control study (Questionnaire-based) | 41,151 questionnaire respondants and 3644 controls. 14 February–3 May 2021 | France | √ | BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 | Reported efficacies against both B.1.351 and P.1 combined: Double dose: 77% (95% CI 63–86) 7 days after the second dose. Reported efficacy for both mRNA vaccines aggregated |
| [33] | Test negative case-control study | 324,033 residents aged ≥16. 14 December 2020–19 April 2021 | Canada | √ | BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 | Reported efficacies against both B.1.351 and P.1 combined: Single dose: 43% (95% CI 22–59) ≥14 days after the first dose Double dose: 88% (61–96) ≥7 days after the second dose (for both vaccines aggregated) Double dose against all variants combined: BNT162b2: 91% (88–93), mRNA-1273: 94% (86–97) |
| [34] | Observational study | 25, 558 health care workers aged 20–69. 15 March 2020–13 May 2021 | Canada | Χ | BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 | Results aggregated against all variants *: Compared with community infection rates (for both vaccines aggregated): Single dose: 54.7% (95% CI 44.8–62.9); Double dose: 84.8% (75.2–90.7) |
| [35] | Test negative case-control study | 16, 993 participants aged ≥70. 4 April–1 May 2021 | Canada | √ | BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 | Against P.1 Single dose: 61% (95% CI 45–72) (for both vaccines aggregated, 85% of study population were given BNT162b2) |
| [36] | Test negative case-control study | 682,071 symptomatic individuals aged ≥16. December 2020–March 2021 | Canada | Χ | BNT162b2, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, mRNA-1273 | Reported efficacies against both B.1.351 and P.1 combined: Single dose: mRNA-1273: 77% (95%CI 63–86); BNT162b2: 60% (52–67); ChAdOx1: 48% (28–63) ≥14 days after the first dose Double dose: BNT162b2: 84% (69–92) ≥7 days after the second dose; Insufficient data for ChAdOx1 and mRNA-1273 |
| [37] | Phase 2a-b Randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial | 6324 participants, aged 18–84 without HIV and 18–64 with HIV. 17 August –25 November 2020 | South Africa | √ | NVX-CoV2373 | Overall efficacy against B.1.351: 49.4% (95% CI 6.1–72.8) Post hoc vaccine efficacy against B.1.351: 51.0% (−0.6–76.2) among HIV-negative participants |
| [38] | Phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial | 6576 participants from South Africa aged ≥18. 21 September 2020–22 January 2021 | South Africa | √ | Ad26.COV2.S | Against B.1.351 (Represented 95% of cases) Single dose: 52.0% (95% CI 30.3–67.4) ≥14 days after the first dose increasing to 64.0% (41.2–78.7) ≥28 days after the first dose |
| [39] | Randomized, placebo-controlled, observer-blind Phase 1/2/3 study | 44,165 aged ≥16 and 2264 aged 12–15. 27 July–29 October 2020 | South Africa | Χ | BNT162b2 | Against B.1.351: 100% (95% CI 53.5–100.0) * >7 days after the second dose |
| [40] | Test negative case-control study | 43,774 residents aged ≥70. 17 January–29 April 2021 | Brazil | √ | CoronaVac | Against P.1 * Single dose: 12.5% (95% CI 3.7–20.6) ≥14 days after the first dose Double dose: 46.8% (38.7–53.8) ≥14 days after the second dose |
| [41] | Test negative case-control study | 106,329 health care workers aged ≥18. 19 January–25 March 2021 | Brazil | Χ | CoronaVac | Against P.1 * Single dose: 49.6% (95% CI 11.3–71.4) ≥14 days after the first dose Double dose: 36.8% (-54.9–74.2) ≥14 days after the second dose |
| [42] | Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial | 2026 HIV-negative adults aged 18–64. 24 June–9 November 2020 | South Africa | √ | ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 | Overall efficacy against B.1.351: 21.9% (95% CI −49.9–59.8) >14 days after second dose Secondary-outcome analysis efficacy against B.1.351: 10.4% (−76.8–54.8) >14 days after the second dose |
| [43] | Retrospective cohort study | 378 residents from long-term care facilities. 15 January–19 May 2021 | France | Χ | BNT162b2 | Against B.1.351 infection: 49% (95% CI 14–69) >7 days after the second dose Against B.1.351 severe COVID: 86% (67–94) >7 days after the second dose |
+ NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax), Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson/Janssen), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222/Oxford–AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna). * Estimated efficacy due to the variant being dominant at the time of study. √ indicates the study has been peer reviewed and Χ indicates the study has not been peer reviewed.