Table 2.
Energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes recorded in 72-h reports filled in by volunteers before each study visit, and body weight measurements.
| GC | GC/BG | p | GC | GC/BG | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (Kcal) | PUFA (g) | ||||||
| Baseline | 2019 ± 100 | 2023 ± 112 | N.S. | Baseline | 12.4 ± 1.1 | 12.8 ± 1.2 | N.S. |
| Final | 2115 ± 118 | 2128 ± 115 | N.S. | Final | 11.9 ± 0.9 | 11.8 ± 0.7 | N.S. |
| Rate of change | 8.3 ± 5.7 | 8.5 ± 5.6 | N.S. | Rate of change | 1.9 ± 9.0 | 10.4 ± 8.0 | N.S. |
| Protein (g) | PUFA/SFA | ||||||
| Baseline | 82.8 ± 4.1 | 79.7 ± 3.6 | N.S. | Baseline | 0.50 ± 0.04 | 0.48 ± 0.04 | N.S. |
| Final | 82.6 ± 4.7 | 86.9 ± 4.5 | N.S. | Final | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.46 ± 0.04 | N.S. |
| Rate of change | 5.4 ± 7.1 | 12.2 ± 6.1 | N.S. | Rate of change | 3.9 ± 9.6 | 4.0 ± 8.2 | N.S. |
| CHO (g) | [PUFA + MUFA]/SFA | ||||||
| Baseline | 199 ± 11 | 205 ± 14 | N.S. | Baseline | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | N.S. |
| Final | 204 ± 11 | 200 ± 13 | N.S. | Final | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | N.S. |
| Rate of change | 9.8 ± 7.2 | 6.3 ± 8.7 | N.S. | Rate of change | 14.0 ± 8.3 | 15.1 ± 8.3 | N.S. |
| Fibre (g) | Cholesterol (mg) | ||||||
| Baseline | 24.0 ± 1.7 | 23.8 ± 1.7 | N.S. | Baseline | 316 ± 25 | 331 ± 23 | N.S. |
| Final | 22.1 ± 1.9 | 22.2 ± 1.3 | N.S. | Final | 295 ± 28 | 359 ± 34 | N.S. |
| Rate of change | −5.5 ± 8.3 | 2.8 ± 5.8 | N.S. | Rate of change | 6.4 ± 10.8 | 25.4 ± 15.0 | N.S. |
| Fat (g) | Calcium (mg) | ||||||
| Baseline | 84.7 ± 5.8 | 86.5 ± 6.3 | N.S. | Baseline | 743 ± 42 | 14.3 ± 0.8 | N.S. |
| Final | 93.6 ± 6.8 | 96.9 ± 7.2 | N.S. | Final | 703 ± 61 | 16.0 ± 1.0 | N.S. |
| Rate of change | 16.4 ± 7.9 | 18.0 ± 7.6 | N.S. | Rate of change | −1.3 ± 6.4 | 12.2 ± 6.6 | N.S. |
| SFA (g) | Iron (mg) | ||||||
| Baseline | 28.0 ± 2.2 | 28.5 ± 2.0 | N.S. | Baseline | 13.6 ± 0.7 | 86.4 ± 2.4 | N.S. |
| Final | 30.9 ± 2.8 | 31.5 ± 2.7 | N.S. | Final | 13.4 ± 0.7 | 86.8 ± 2.4 | N.S. |
| Rate of change | 18.2 ± 10.0 | 19.3 ± 10.4 | N.S. | Rate of change | 11.1 ± 9.4 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | N.S. |
| MUFA (g) | BW (Kg) | ||||||
| Baseline | 34.5 ± 2.4 | 34.7 ± 2.2 | N.S. | Baseline | 86.8 ± 2.4 | 86.4 ± 2.4 | N.S. |
| Final | 41.9 ± 3.2 | 42.8 ± 3.2 | N.S. | Final | 86.4 ± 2.3 | 86.8 ± 2.4 | N.S. |
| Rate of change | 30.9 ± 10.0 | 29.3 ± 8.9 | N.S. | Rate of change | −0.4 ± 0.3 | 0.4 ± 0.3 | N.S. |
Values represent mean ± SEM, n = 29. p corresponds to GC day = 0 values compared with GC/BG day = 0 values, GC day = 56 values compared with GC/BG day = 56 values and GC rate of change compared with GC/BG rate of change based on a linear mixed model analysis. Rate of change represents [(final value−baseline value)/baseline value]. Carbohydrate (CHO); saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA); polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA); body weight (BW).