Table 2.
Comparison of distributions on each food item for FFQ (columns) and DH (rows).
| Diet History (Rows) | Food Frequency Questionnaire (Columns) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1. How often do you eat vegetables? | |||||||
| 1 1 | 2 1 | 3 1 | Total | ||||
| 1. Once a day or more often | 612 (72.9) 2 | 106 (12.6) | 12 (1.4) | 730 (87.0) | |||
| 2. A few times a week | 45 (5.4) | 38 (4.5) | 6 (0.7) | 89 (10.6) | |||
| 3. Once a week or less often | 9 (1.1) | 9 (18.1) | 10 (1.2) | 28 (3.3) | |||
| Total | 663 (79.0) | 152 (18.1) | 24 (2.9) | 847 | |||
| Q2. How often do you eat fruit and/or berries? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | ||||
| 1. Once a day or more often | 609 (72.2) | 97 (11.5) | 18 (2.1) | 724 (85.8) | |||
| 2. A few times a week | 33 (3.9) | 44 (5.2) | 17 (2.0) | 94 (11.1) | |||
| 3. Once a week or less often | 4 (0.5) | 11 (1.3) | 14 (1.7) | 29 (3.4) | |||
| Total | 645 (76.4) | 151 (17.9) | 48 (5.7) | 847 | |||
| Q3. How often do you eat nuts? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | ||||
| 1. Once a day or more often | 93 (11.0) | 56 (6.6) | 35 (4.1) | 184 (21.7) | |||
| 2. A few times a week | 22 (2.6) | 40 (4.7) | 18 (2.1) | 80 (9.4) | |||
| 3. Once a week or less often | 80 (9.4) | 159 (18.8) | 344 (40.6) | 583 (68.8) | |||
| Total | 195 (23.0) | 255 (30.1) | 397 (44.9) | 847 | |||
| Q4. How often do you eat fish or shellfish? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | ||||
| 1. Three times a week or more often | 123 (14.5) | 207 (24.4) | 6 (0.7) | 336 (39.7) | |||
| 2. Once or twice a week | 30 (3.5) | 394 (46.5) | 30 (3.5) | 454 (53.6) | |||
| 3. A few times a month or less often | 0 (0) | 23 (2.7) | 34 (4.0) | 57 (6.7) | |||
| Total | 153 (18.1) | 624 (73.7) | 70 (8.3) | 847 | |||
| Q5. How often do you eat red meat? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | ||||
| 1. Three times a week or more often | 173 (20.4) | 339 (40.0) | 64 (7.6) | 576 (68.0) | |||
| 2. Once or twice a week | 32 (3.8) | 121 (14.3) | 71 (8.4) | 224 (26.4) | |||
| 3. A few times a month or less often | 0 (0) | 10 (1.2) | 37 (4.4) | 47 (5.5) | |||
| Total | 205 (24.2) | 470 (55.5) | 172 (20.3) | 847 | |||
| Q6. How often do you eat white meat? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | ||||
| 1. Three times a week or more often | 13 (1.5) | 48 (5.7) | 3 (0.4) | 64 (7.5) | |||
| 2. Once or twice a week | 31 (3.7) | 346 (40.8) | 46 (5.4) | 423 (49.9) | |||
| 3. A few times a month or less often | 1 (0.1) | 203 (23.9) | 157 (18.5) | 361 (42.6) | |||
| Total | 45 (5.3) | 597 (70.4) | 206 (24.3) | 848 | |||
| Q7. How often do you eat buns/cakes, chocolate/sweets, crisps or soda/juice? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | ||||
| 1. Once a day or more often | 188 (22.2) | 189 (22.3) | 172 (20.3) | 549 (64.8) | |||
| 2. A few times a week | 22 (2.6) | 78 (9.2) | 108 (12.8) | 208 (24.6) | |||
| 3. Once a week or less often | 8 (0.9) | 11 (1.3) | 71 (8.4) | 90 (10.6) | |||
| Total | 218 (25.7) | 278 (32.8) | 351 (41.4) | 847 | |||
| Q8. How often do you eat breakfast? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | Total | |||||
| 1. Everyday | 701 (82.7) | 39 (4.6) | 740 (87.2) | ||||
| 2. Not everyday | 81 (9.6) | 27 (3.2) | 108 (12.7) | ||||
| Total | 782 (92.2) | 66 (7.8) | 848 | ||||
| Q9b. What type(s) of bread do you eat? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | ||||
| 1. White bread | 9 (1.2) | 6 (0.8) | 9 (1.2) | 24 (3.1) | |||
| 2. Whole wheat bread/crispbread | 3 (0.4) | 180 (23.3) | 228 (29.5) | 411 (53.2) | |||
| 3. Combinations of above | 13 (1.7) | 103 (13.3) | 221 (28.6) | 337 (43.7) | |||
| Total | 25 (3.2) | 289 (37.4) | 458 (59.3) | 772 | |||
| Q10. How often do you drink/eat milk, sour milk and/or yoghurt? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | ||||
| 1. Once a day or more often | 453 (53.4) | 54 (6.4) | 42 (5.0) | 549 (64.7) | |||
| 2. A few times a week | 70 (8.3) | 42 (5.0) | 24 (2.8) | 136 (16.0) | |||
| 3. Once a week or less often | 53 (6.3) | 23 (2.7) | 87 (10.3) | 163 (19.2) | |||
| Total | 576 (67.9) | 119 (14.0) | 153 (18.0) | 848 | |||
| Q11. What type of milk, sour milk and/or yoghurt do you usually drink/eat? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | ||||
| 1. Full fat (3%) | 158 (19.8) | 102 (12.8) | 25 (3.1) | 285 (35.8) | |||
| 2. Semi-skimmed/reduced fat (1.5%) | 52 (6.5) | 253 (31.8) | 45 (5.7) | 350 (44.0) | |||
| 3. Skimmed/low-fat/non-fat (<0.5%) | 6 (0.8) | 37 (4.6) | 118 (14.8) | 161 (20.2) | |||
| Total | 216 (2.17) | 392 (49.2) | 188 (23.6) | 796 | |||
| Q12. What kind of spread do you usually use on sandwiches? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | ||||
| 1. Butter (>75% fat) | 383 (57.6) | 16 (2.4) | 25 (3.8) | 424 (63.8) | |||
| 2. Margarine with plant sterols | 9 (1.4) | 53 (8.0) | 47 (7.1) | 109 (16.4) | |||
| 3. Margarine (30–70% fat) | 52 (7.8) | 6 (0.9) | 74 (11.1) | 132 (19.8) | |||
| Total | 444 (66.8) | 75 (11.3) | 146 (22.0) | 665 | |||
| Q13. What kind of fat do you usually use for cooking at home? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Total | ||||
| 1. Butter/margarine (60–80%) | 281 (34.1) | 64 (7.8) | 18 (2.2) | 363 (44.1) | |||
| 2. Margarine made with seed and plant oils/liquid | 37 (4.5) | 151 (18.3) | 37 (4.5) | 225 (27.3) | |||
| 3. Vegetable oil | 13 (1.6) | 5 (0.6) | 217 (26.4) | 235 (28.6) | |||
| Total | 331 (40.2) | 220 (26.7) | 272 (33.0) | 823 | |||
| Q14. Do you usually add salt to your food? | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | Total | |||||
| 1. No/yes sometimes | 515 (61.8) | 109 (13.1) | 624 (74.8) | ||||
| 2. Yes, often/always | 115 (13.8) | 95 (11.4) | 210 (25.2) | ||||
| Total | 630 (75.5) | 204 (24.5) | 834 | ||||
Data are presented as numbers and (percent). FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; DH, diet history; Q, question. 1 See row label for corresponding column label. 2 Bold letters are those categorized in the same box.