Table 1.
Baseline characteristic of lung cancer patients and the control group.
| Parameters | n | Lung Cancer Patients | n | Control Group | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic Factors | |||||
| Sex, F/M (%, n) | 190 | 43.7/56.3 (83/107) | 52 | 40.4/59.6 (21/31) | 0.670 |
| Age, years (median (Q1–Q3)) | 186 | 65.0 (60.0–71.0) | 52 | 63.0 (50.0–68.0) | 0.005 |
| Education: Primary/vocational/high school/college (%, n) | 176 | 14.7/31.6/36.7/16.4 (26/56/65/29) | 52 | 7.7/19.2/44.2/28.9 (4/10/23/15) | 0.100 |
| Smoking status: Never/previous/current (%, n) | 177 | 23.2/48.6/28.2 (41/86/50) | 52 | 53.8/19.2/26.9 (28/10/14) | <0.001 |
| Passive smoking: Yes/no (%, n) | 177 | 22.6/77.4 (40/137) | 52 | 23.1/76.9 (12/40) | 0.942 |
|
Number of cigarettes per day:
Sporadically/<5/5–20/>20 (%, n) |
50 | 2.0/22.0/70.0/6.0 (1/11/35/3) | 14 | 21.4/21.4/50.0/7.2 (3/3/7/1) | 0.063 |
| Alcohol consumption: Yes/no (%, n) | 177 | 50.3/49.7 (88/89) | 52 | 76.9/23.1 (40/12) | <0.001 |
|
Number of alcohol portion (10 g of ethanol) per week:
0.5–2/3–5/6–10/ ≥ 11 (%, n) |
88 | 44.3/26.1/20.4/9.1 (39/23/18/8) | 38 | 50.0/15.8/28.9/5.3 (19/6/11/2) | 0.433 |
| Biochemical and clinical characteristics | |||||
| Total SOD, U/mL (median (Q1–Q3)) | 187 | 1.08 (0.85–1.27) | 52 | 1.06 (0.90–1.30) | 0.932 |
| SOD1, pg/mL (median (Q1–Q3)) | 187 | 218.9 (133.5–283.6) | 52 | 141.0 (98.0–225.6) | <0.001 |
| SOD2, ng/mL (median (Q1–Q3)) | 187 | 1.30 (0.53–2.31) | 34 | 0.78 (0.22–1.49) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dl (median (Q1–Q3)) | 176 | 3.86 (3.55–4.17) | 50 | 4.27 (4.12–4.46) | <0.001 |
| Albumin: <3.5/≥3.5, g/dL (%, n) | 176 | 18.2/81.8 (32/144) | 50 | 4.0/96.0 (2/48) | 0.013 |
| CRP, mg/L (median (Q1–Q3)) | 176 | 11.24 (3.13–108.11) | 50 | 2.26 (0.92–3.99) | <0.001 |
| CRP: ≤10/>10, mg/L (%, n) | 176 | 46.6/53.4 (82/94) | 50 | 94.0/6.0 (47/3) | <0.001 |
| GPS: 0/1/2, arbitrary unit (%, n) | 176 | 41.5/45.5/13.1 (73/80/23) | 50 | 90.0/10.0/0.0 (45/5/0) | <0.001 |
| Ceruloplasmin, g/l (median (Q1–Q3)) | 175 | 0.26 (0.22–0.31) | 50 | 0.21 (0.19–0.24) | <0.001 |
| Clinical stage of disease: I/II/III/IV (%, n) | 152 | 41.4/18.4/16.4/23.7 (63/28/25/36) | NA | ||
| Type of lung cancer: NSCLC/SCLC/carcinoid (%, n) | 166 | 94.0/5.4/0.6 (156/9/1) | |||
| Type of treatment: chemotherapy/radiotherapy/surgery (%,n) | 161 | 32.9/4.3/70.2 (53/7/113) | |||
| CVD: Yes/no (%, n) | 150 | 44.7/55.3 (67/83) | |||
| COPD: Yes/no (%, n) | 152 | 13.8/86.2 (21/131) | |||
| DM: Yes/no (%, n) | 153 | 17.6/82.4 (27/126) | |||
| Hgb, g/dL (median (Q1–Q3)) | 178 | 13.0 (11.8–14.1) | |||
| Anemia: Yes/no (%, n) | 178 | 39.9/60.1 (71/107) | |||
| Platelets, x 103 cells/µL (median (Q1–Q3)) | 178 | 256.0 (202.0–315.0) | |||
| Platelets: <150/150–400/>400, × 103 cells/µL (%, n) | 178 | 10.7/82.6/6.7 (19/147/12) | |||
| NLR, arbitrary unit (median (Q1–Q3)) | 122 | 2.5 (1.70–4.40) | |||
| Phosphatase alkaline, U/L (median (Q1–Q3)) | 106 | 79.92 (63.22–91.89) | |||
| eGFR ≥ 90/< 90, mL/min/1.73 m2 (%, n) | 154 | 63.6/36.4 (98/56) | |||
| Creatinine, mg/dL (median (Q1–Q3)) | 165 | 0.76 (0.64–0.9) | |||
| Creatinine: <0.7/0.7–1.2/>1.2, mg/dL (%, n) | 165 | 37.0/55.7/7.3 (61/92/12) | |||
| Glucose, mg/dL (median (Q1–Q3)) | 126 | 101.0 (93.2–115.7) | |||
| Glucose <100/100–125/≥126, mg/dL (%, n) | 126 | 43.6/40.5/15.9 (55/51/20) | |||
F: female; M: male; SOD: total superoxide dismutase; SOD1: superoxide dismutase 1; SOD2: superoxide dismutase 2; CRP: C-reactive protein; GPS: Glasgow prognostic score; NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer; SCLC: small-cell lung cancer; CVD: cardiovascular disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM: diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2; Hgb: hemoglobin; NLR: neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; Q1: first quartile; Q3: third quartile.