Table 2.
Cosinor values of all measured parameters.
| Condition | p Value Cosinor | Acrophase (h) (±SD) | Amplitude | Mesor (±SD) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypothalamus | Circadian Clock | Arntl | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 23h38 (±0h46) | 0.38 | 1.44 (±0.05) |
| JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
| JL RF | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Reverbα | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 11h47 (±0h56) | 0.39 | 1.52 (±0.07) | ||
| JL AL | <0.05 | 16h07 (±1h11) ** | 0.25 | 1.39 (±0.06) | |||
| JL RF | <0.05 | 11h50 (±1h23) # | 0.25 | 1.49 (±0.06) | |||
| GHS-R | Ctrl RF | NA | NA | NA | NA | ||
| JL AL | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| JL RF | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Npy | Ctrl RF | <0.05 | 3h29 (±1h19) | 0.52 | 1.71 (±0.13) | ||
| JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
| JL RF | =0.05 | 5h37 (±1h22) | 0.38 | 1.37 (±0.10) * | |||
| Agrp | Ctrl RF | <0.05 | 3h02 (±1h24) | 0.44 | 1.43 (±0.12) | ||
| JL AL | <0.05 | 5h10 (±1h16) | 0.35 | 1.08 (±0.08) * | |||
| JL RF | <0.05 | 4h24 (±1h07) | 0.46 | 1.25 (±0.10) | |||
| Plasma | Corticosterone | Ctrl RF | <0.05 | 14h46 (±1h16) | 27996.33 | 34348.46 (±5488.43) | |
| JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
| JL RF | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Total ghrelin | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 8h03 (±0h29) | 4073.69 | 9306.82 (±351.71) | ||
| JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
| JL RF | <0.001 | 8h04 (±0h37) | 2765.73 * | 7359.93 (±312.97) *** | |||
| Octanoylated ghrelin | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 7h36 (±0h46) | 16.99 | 43.89 (±2.42) | ||
| JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
| JL RF | <0.05 | 9h49 (±1h16) | 9.73 | 43.07 (±2.27) | |||
| Glucose | Ctrl RF | <0.05 | 4h42 (±1h18) | 18.88 | 226.65 (±4.92) | ||
| JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
| JL RF | <0.05 | 6h37 (±1h03) | 22.88 | 207.22 (±4.45) ** | |||
| Fecal SCFA | Acetate | Ctrl RF | <0.01 | 4h28 (±0h57) | 3.84 | 24.62 (±0.67) | |
| JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
| JL RF | <0.05 | 6h39 (±1h14) | 3.08 | 25.64 (±0.71) | |||
| Butyrate | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 3h00 (±0h32) | 1.78 | 2.66 (±0.16) | ||
| JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
| JL RF | <0.001 | 3h13 (±0h41) | 1.23 | 2.47 (±0.15) | |||
| Propionate | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 5h44 (±0h41) | 0.68 | 2.11 (±0.86) | ||
| JL AL | <0.05 | 12h48 (±1h24) *** | 0.44 | 2.89 (±0.12) *** | |||
| JL RF | <0.05 | 5h35 (±1h12) ### | 0.49 | 2.58 (±0.11) *** | |||
| Total SCFA | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 4h14 (±0h45) | 2.92 | 29.68 (±0.88) | ||
| JL AL | ns | NA | NA | NA | |||
| JL RF | <0.05 | 5h51 (±1h04) | 4.70 | 30.99 (±0.93) | |||
| Distal Colonic Mucosa | Circadian Clock | Arntl | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 1h07 (±0h11) | 0.57 | 0.50 (±0.02) |
| JL AL | <0.001 | 7h02 (±0h15) *** | 0.44 ** | 0.52 (±0.02) | |||
| JL RF | <0.001 | 3h05 (±0h12) *** ### | 0.54 # | 0.49 (±0.02) | |||
| Reverbα | Ctrl RF | <0.001 | 9h54 (±0h11) | 7.60 | 1.97 (±0.14) | ||
| JL AL | <0.001 | 16h23 (±0h14) *** | 5.03 * | 2.10 (±0.15) | |||
| JL RF | <0.001 | 12h29 (±0h12) *** ### | 6.03 | 2.01 (±0.15) | |||
ns = not significant, NA = not applicable/no rhythm, Ctrl RF = control mice fed a TRF diet, JL AL = jetlagged mice fed ad libitum, JL RF = jetlagged mice fed a TRF diet. Statistics: non-linear regression (Proc NLMixed). * p < 0.05 compared to Ctrl RF, ** p < 0.01 compared to Ctrl RF, *** p < 0.001 compared to Ctrl RF, # p < 0.05 compared to JL AL, ### p < 0.001 compared to JL AL.