Table 1.
Characteristics of 26,821 participants according to famine exposure in early life.
| Famine Exposure | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonexposed | Fetal-Exposed | Childhood-Exposed | Adolescence-Exposed | |
| No. of participants (%) | 5499 (20.5) | 3773 (14.1) | 12,526 (46.7) | 5023 (18.7) |
| Age at baseline (years) | 51.5 ± 1.5 | 55.3 ± 1.3 | 62. 6 ± 2.9 | 70.5 ± 1.8 |
| Male (%) | 1904 (34.6) | 1344 (35.6) | 5395 (43.1) | 2351 (46.8) |
| High school and above (%) | 516 (9.4) | 931 (24.7) | 1014 (8.1) | 194 (3.9) |
| Married (%) | 5300 (96.4) | 3629 (96.2) | 11,695 (93.4) | 4335 (86.3) |
| Current smoker (%) | 1101 (20.0) | 776 (20.6) | 2647 (21.1) | 910 (18.1) |
| Current drinker (%) | 615 (11.2) | 413 (11.0) | 1840 (14.7) | 716 (14.3) |
| Moderate and vigorous physical activity (%) | 1203 (21.9) | 859 (22.8) | 3138 (25.1) | 1121 (22.3) |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 786 (14.3) | 563 (14.9) | 1212 (9.7) | 365 (7.3) |
| Family history of hypertension (%) | 2684 (48.8) | 1831 (48.5) | 4792 (38.3) | 1455 (29.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 3.2 | 24.5 ± 3.2 | 24.6 ± 3.20 | 24.9 ± 3.5 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.2 ± 17.8 | 133.9 ± 18.5 | 137.5 ± 19.0 | 140.8 ± 19.6 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 81.3 ± 10.7 | 81.1 ± 10.2 | 81.0 ± 9.9 | 79.7 ± 10.0 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.99 ± 1.19 | 5.18 ± 1.52 | 5.25 ± 1.50 | 5.13 ± 1.59 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 18 (13–25) | 18 (14–25) | 17 (14–23) | 17 (13–22) |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.00 ± 0.92 | 5.08 ± 0.97 | 5.08 ± 0.97 | 4.97 ± 0.96 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.43 (1.03–2.05) | 1.45 (1.06–2.07) | 1.40 (1.03–1.96) | 1.30 (0.96–1.81) |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.39 ± 0.34 | 1.39 ± 0.34 | 1.41 ± 0.36 | 1.45 ± 0.38 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.80 ± 0.83 | 2.87 ± 0.86 | 2.85 ± 0.85 | 2.83 ± 0.86 |
| Diabetes (%) | 611 (11.1) | 633 (16.8) | 2312 (18.5) | 963 (19.2) |
| Hypertension (%) | 2528 (46.0) | 1955 (51.8) | 7909 (63.1) | 3666 (73.0) |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 1978 (20.4) | 1446 (14.9) | 4573 (47.1) | 1711 (17.6) |
| MAFLD (%) | 2243 (40.8) | 1597 (42.3) | 4960 (39.6) | 1708 (34.0) |
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median (IQR) or number (percentage). ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MAFLD, metabolic associated fatty liver disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides. All p values are <0.05 for comparison across groups. FBG, fasting plasma glucose.