Table 2.
Factor-loading matrix for the dietary patterns identified using Varimax rotation.
| Food Groups | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| “Traditional” DP | “Prudent” DP | “Adverse” DP | |
| White bread and bakery products, e.g., wheat bread, rye bread, wheat/rye bread, toast bread, bread rolls | 0.638 | −0.096 | 0.075 |
| Fried foods (e.g., meat or flour-based foods, such as dumplings, pancakes, etc.) | 0.555 | −0.016 | 0.443 |
| Cold meats, smoked sausages, hot dogs | 0.595 | 0.100 | 0.225 |
| Potatoes (excluding chips and crisps) | 0.528 | 0.073 | 0.030 |
| Buckwheat, oats, wholegrain pasta or other coarse-ground groats | −0.288 | 0.519 | 0.126 |
| Fermented milk beverages, e.g., yoghurts, kefir (natural or flavoured) | −0.038 | 0.689 | 0.131 |
| Fresh cheese curd products, e.g., cottage cheese, homogenized cheese, fromage frais | −0.012 | 0.593 | 0.022 |
| Fruit | 0.120 | 0.633 | −0.296 |
| Vegetables | 0.185 | 0.660 | −0.293 |
| Vegetable juices or fruit and vegetable juice | −0.156 | 0.556 | 0.329 |
| Water, e.g., mineral, tap water | −0.084 | 0.517 | −0.106 |
| Sweetened carbonated or still beverages, such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, Sprite, Fanta, lemonade | 0.095 | −0.046 | 0.539 |
| Energy drinks, such as Red Bull, Monster, Rockstar, or other | −0.033 | 0.055 | 0.585 |
| Instant soups or ready-made soups, e.g., tinned, jar, concentrates (excluding frozen soup mixes) | 0.195 | 0.004 | 0.619 |
| Tinned (jar) meats | 0.238 | −0.016 | 0.643 |
| Lard as a bread spread, or as an addition to meals/for frying/for baking, etc. | 0.218 | 0.031 | 0.578 |
| Vegetable oils or margarines or mixes of butter and margarines as a bread spread, or as an addition to meals/for frying/for baking | 0.480 | −0.074 | 0.080 |
| Cheese (including processed cheese, blue cheese) | 0.407 | 0.334 | 0.195 |
| White meat, e.g., chicken, turkey, rabbit | 0.423 | 0.391 | 0.138 |
| Sweets, e.g., confectionary, biscuits, cakes, chocolate bars, cereal bars, other | 0.496 | −0.015 | 0.157 |
| Wholemeal bread | −0.409 | 0.434 | 0.058 |
| Milk (including flavoured milk, hot chocolate, latte) | 0.203 | 0.457 | 0.186 |
| Fish | −0.158 | 0.407 | 0.290 |
| Eggs | 0.096 | 0.429 | 0.229 |
| Fruit juices | 0.040 | 0.451 | 0.351 |
| Fast foods, e.g., potato chips, hamburgers, pizza, hot dogs | −0.016 | 0.029 | 0.480 |
| White rice, white pasta, fine-ground groats, e.g., semolina, couscous | 0.182 | 0.303 | 0.231 |
| Butter as a bread spread or as an addition to meals/for frying/for baking, etc. | 0.345 | 0.106 | 0.035 |
| Red meat, e.g., pork, beef, veal, mutton, lamb, game | 0.353 | 0.063 | 0.316 |
| Pulse-based foods, e.g., from beans, peas, soybeans, lentils | −0.336 | 0.356 | 0.139 |
| Sweetened hot beverages, such as black tea, coffee, herbal or fruit teas | 0.279 | 0.027 | 0.094 |
| Tinned (jar) vegetables, e.g., pickles | 0.157 | 0.258 | 0.315 |
| Variance explained (%) | 11.4 | 15.3 | 6.2 |
| Total variance explained (%) | 32.9 | ||
| Kaiser’s measure of sampling adequacy | 0.798 | ||