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. 2021 Nov 9;22(22):12129. doi: 10.3390/ijms222212129

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Perfusion bioreactor circuit diagram with the addition of Live Pa to increase culture chamber pressure. From the mixing bottle(A), the medium was pumped by the action of a peristaltic pump (B) through the perfusion chamber where cells had been seeded (C). The Live Pa (D) was designed to press the outlet tube of the perfusion chamber (red arrow) in order to increase the pressure within the perfusion chamber. Then, the medium returned to the mixing bottle, completing the circuit. (The figure has been kindly provided by IVTechsrl).