Table 3.
The content of individual phenolic compounds in different types of chocolates enriched with various freeze-dried phenolic-rich plant powders (mg/100 g DM).
| Phenolic Compounds | Functional Enrichment | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CONT | BLUB | RASB | BLCB | POME | BEET | |
| DCH | ||||||
| Flavan-3-ols | ||||||
| Cat | 14.15 ± 0.09 a | 18.66 ± 0.08 e | 16.60 ± 0.07 d | 14.18 ± 0.11 b | 15.16 ± 0.12 c | 17.89 ± 0.09 e |
| Ecat | 77.23 ± 0.48 a | 97.32 ± 0.43 f | 85.24 ± 0.47 c | 80.68 ± 0.38 b | 88.67 ± 0.34 d | 96.54 ± 0.51 e |
| PC B2 | 23.30 ± 0.11 a | 43.19 ± 0.15 d | 43.35 ± 0.16 d | 45.49 ± 0.12 e | 40.41 ± 0.18 c | 34.89 ± 0.15 b |
| PC C1 | 10.47 ± 0.06 a | 17.79 ± 0.07 e | 11.80 ± 0.08 b | 14.71 ± 0.09 d | 11.86 ± 0.07 b | 14.40 ± 0.06 c |
| Total flavan-3-ols | 125.15 ± 0.54 a | 176.96 ± 0.59 d | 156.99 ± 0.66 b | 156.06 ± 0.65 b | 156.10 ± 0.58 b | 163.72 ± 0.63 c |
| Anthocyanins | ||||||
| Cy-3-Glu | nd | nd | 3.73 ± 0.05 a | 4.37 ± 0.04 b | nd | nd |
| Cy-3-Rut | nd | nd | nd | 0.06 ± 0.01 a | nd | nd |
| Cy-3,5-diGlu | nd | 10.28 ± 0.15 b | nd | nd | 0.10 ± 0.04 a | nd |
| Cy-3-Xyl | nd | 4.20 ± 0.07 b | nd | 0.16 ± 0.07 a | nd | nd |
| Cy-3-(6″-Mal-Glu) | nd | nd | nd | 0.32 ± 0.03 | nd | nd |
| Del-3,5-diGlu | nd | 7.70 ± 0.10 b | nd | nd | 0.03 ± 0.05 a | nd |
| Del-3-Glu | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.01 ± 0.01 | nd |
| Pel-3,5-diGlu | nd | 10.76 ± 0.09 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Total anthocyanins | nd | 32.93 ± 0.31 d | 3.73 ± 0.05 b | 4.91 ± 0.15 c | 0.14 ± 0.09 a | nd |
| Phenolic acids | ||||||
| GA | 7.23 ± 0.09 b | 8.77 ± 0.11 c | 7.42 ± 0.10 b | 7.12 ± 0.12 a | 9.25 ± 0.10 d | 8.88 ± 0.11 c |
| PA | 1.34 ± 0.04 a | 4.24 ± 0.10 e | 2.86 ± 0.07 c | 2.41 ± 0.06 b | 2.91 ± 0.08 c | 3.07 ± 0.05 d |
| p-HBA | 7.69 ± 0.09 a | 8.25 ± 0.11 c | 8.60 ± 0.05 d | 7.90 ± 0.09 b | 7.96 ± 0.10 b | 8.90 ± 0.03 e |
| Total phenolic acids | 16.26 ± 0.21 a | 21.26 ± 0.24 f | 18.88 ± 0.21 c | 17.43 ± 0.18 b | 20.12 ± 0.26 d | 20.85 ± 0.19 e |
| Total phenolics | 141.41 ± 0.74 a | 231.16 ± 0.63 d | 179.60 ± 0.64 b | 177.40 ± 0.70 b | 176.36 ± 0.71 b | 184.57 ± 0.84 e |
| DCH98S | ||||||
| Flavan-3-ols | ||||||
| Cat | 28.48 ± 0.10 c | 31.73 ± 0.08 d | 28.21 ± 0.14 c | 23.14 ± 0.12 a | 25.77 ± 0.09 b | 33.00 ± 0.14 e |
| Ecat | 152.29 ± 0.51 a | 165.44 ± 0.45 e | 164.91 ± 0.31 d | 154.30 ± 0.39 b | 155.17 ± 0.43 c | 173.70 ± 0.23 f |
| PC B2 | 39.61 ± 0.12 a | 63.42 ± 0.11 e | 53.69 ± 0.14 c | 48.43 ± 0.09 b | 70.96 ± 0.10 f | 59.39 ± 0.19 d |
| PC C1 | 21.20 ± 0.08 b | 29.25 ± 0.10 e | 20.05 ± 0.06 a | 27.95 ± 0.07 c | 21.23 ± 0.09 b | 28.73 ± 0.11 d |
| Total flavan-3-ols | 241.58 ± 0.78 a | 289.84 ± 0.69 e | 266.86 ± 0.58 c | 253.82 ± 0.72 b | 273.13 ± 0.73 d | 294.82 ± 0.63 f |
| Anthocyanins | ||||||
| Cy-3-Glu | nd | nd | 3.73 ± 0.06 a | 4.37 ± 0.05 b | nd | nd |
| Cy-3-Rut | nd | nd | nd | 0.06 ± 0.02 | nd | nd |
| Cy-3,5-diGlu | nd | 10.28 ± 0.11 b | nd | nd | 0.10 ± 0.02 a | nd |
| Cy-3-Xyl | nd | 4.20 ± 0.08 b | nd | 0.16 ± 0.04 a | nd | nd |
| Cy-3-(6″-Mal-Glu) | nd | nd | nd | 0.32 ± 0.03 | nd | nd |
| Del-3,5-diGlu | nd | 7.70 ± 0.12 b | nd | nd | 0.03 ± 0.01 a | nd |
| Del-3-Glu | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.01 ± 0.01 | nd |
| Pel-3,5-diGlu | nd | 10.76 ± 0.17 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Total anthocyanins | nd | 32.94 ± 0.34 d | 3.73 ± 0.06 b | 4.91 ± 0.14 c | 0.14 ± 0.04 a | nd |
| Phenolic acids | ||||||
| GA | 11.29 ± 0.11 a | 14.91 ± 0.09 e | 12.61 ± 0.10 b | 13.53 ± 0.12 d | 16.28 ± 0.11 f | 12.95 ± 0.08 c |
| PA | 2.58 ± 0.04 a | 7.21 ± 0.06 f | 4.86 ± 0.05 d | 4.59 ± 0.06 c | 5.20 ± 0.07 e | 3.72 ± 0.05 b |
| p-HBA | 9.78 ± 0.10 b | 14.02 ± 0.12 f | 10.41 ± 0.08 c | 11.21 ± 0.11 d | 13.53 ± 0.10 e | 8.59 ± 0.07 a |
| Total phenolic acids | 23.65 ± 0.24 a | 36.14 ± 0.27 f | 27.88 ± 0.23 c | 29.33 ± 0.28 d | 35.01 ± 0.28 e | 25.26 ± 0.20 b |
| Total phenolics | 265.23 ± 1.02 a | 358.92 ± 1.32 f | 298.47 ± 0.87 c | 288.06 ± 0.94 b | 308.28 ± 0.95 d | 320.08 ± 0.82 e |
| DCH98Est | ||||||
| Flavan-3-ols | ||||||
| Cat | 27.73 ± 0.13 d | 26.90 ± 0.12 c | 25.92 ± 0.14 b | 25.62 ± 0.11 a | 25.62 ± 0.13 a | 27.97 ± 0.11 e |
| Ecat | 149.37 ± 0.49 d | 140.24 ± 0.40 b | 139.79 ± 0.35 a | 139.84 ± 0.47 a | 141.54 ± 0.21 b | 147.25 ± 0.31 c |
| PC B2 | 33.18 ± 0.17 a | 53.76 ± 0.16 e | 45.52 ± 0.15 c | 41.05 ± 0.14 b | 60.15 ± 0.21 f | 50.35 ± 0.16 d |
| PC C1 | 17.76 ± 0.15 b | 24.80 ± 0.11 e | 17.00 ± 0.10 a | 23.70 ± 0.12 d | 18.00 ± 0.13 c | 24.35 ± 0.10 d |
| Total flavan-3-ols | 228.04 ± 0.66 a | 245.70 ± 0.55 c | 228.23 ± 0.61 a | 230.21 ± 0.59 b | 245.31 ± 0.69 c | 249.92 ± 0.53 d |
| Anthocyanins | ||||||
| Cy-3-Glu | nd | nd | 3.74 ± 0.05 a | 4.38 ± 0.04 b | nd | nd |
| Cy-3-Rut | nd | nd | nd | 0.06 ± 0.02 | nd | nd |
| Cy-3,5-diGlu | nd | 10.30 ± 0.12 b | nd | nd | 0.10 ± 0.01 a | nd |
| Cy-3-Xyl | nd | 4.20 ± 0.09 b | nd | 0.17 ± 0.03 a | nd | nd |
| Cy-3-(6″-Mal-Glu) | nd | nd | nd | 0.32 ± 0.04 | nd | nd |
| Del-3,5-diGlu | nd | 7.71 ± 0.11 b | nd | nd | 0.03 ± 0.01 a | nd |
| Del-3-Glu | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.01 ± 0.01 | nd |
| Pel-3,5-diGlu | nd | 10.78 ± 0.09 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Total anthocyanins | nd | 32.99 ± 0.35 d | 3.74 ± 0.05 b | 4.93 ± 0.13 c | 0.14 ± 0.03 a | nd |
| Phenolic acids | ||||||
| GA | 11.14 ± 0.08 c | 12.64 ± 0.10 e | 10.69 ± 0.09 a | 11.47 ± 0.11 d | 13.80 ± 0.09 f | 10.98 ± 0.09 b |
| PA | 2.16 ± 0.04 a | 6.11 ± 0.03 f | 4.12 ± 0.05 d | 3.89 ± 0.06 c | 4.41 ± 0.07 e | 3.15 ± 0.05 b |
| p-HBA | 10.70 ± 0.09 c | 11.89 ± 0.10 f | 11.74 ± 0.06 e | 9.50 ± 0.08 b | 11.47 ± 0.11 d | 7.29 ± 0.06 a |
| Total phenolic acids | 24.00 ± 0.21 b | 30.64 ± 0.23 f | 26.55 ± 0.22 d | 24.86 ± 0.24 c | 29.68 ± 0.19 e | 21.42 ± 0.20 a |
| Total phenolics | 252.04 ± 0.86 a | 309.33 ± 0.83 e | 258.52 ± 0.72 b | 260.00 ± 0.81 b | 275.13 ± 0.90 d | 271.34 ± 0.73 c |
| MCH | ||||||
| Flavan-3-ols | ||||||
| Cat | 4.44 ± 0.03 a | 5.54 ± 0.04 b | 11.83 ± 0.03 d | 11.35 ± 0.04 c | 12.01 ± 0.05 e | 14.65 ± 0.11 f |
| Ecat | 45.58 ± 0.16 a | 60.00 ± 0.17 e | 58.72 ± 0.18 d | 56.92 ± 0.18 b | 58.21 ± 0.21 c | 64.64 ± 0.16 f |
| PC B2 | 23.41 ± 0.12 a | 31.59 ± 0.11 e | 31.03 ± 0.10 d | 27.55 ± 0.13 b | 28.40 ± 0.11 c | 34.05 ± 0.14 f |
| PC C1 | 6.23 ± 0.05 c | 18.90 ± 0.04 f | 5.90 ± 0.07 b | 7.36 ± 0.06 d | 15.93 ± 0.07 e | 2.20 ± 0.05 a |
| Total flavan-3-ols | 79.66 ± 0.36 a | 116.03 ± 0.36 f | 107.48 ± 0.38 c | 103.18 ± 0.41 b | 114.55 ± 0.44 d | 115.54 ± 0.46 e |
| Anthocyanins | ||||||
| Cy-3-Glu | nd | nd | 3.77 ± 0.03 a | 4.40 ± 0.04 b | nd | nd |
| Cy-3-Rut | nd | nd | nd | 0.60 ± 0.02 | nd | nd |
| Cy-3,5-diGlu | nd | 10.38 ± 0.15 b | nd | nd | 0.10 ± 0.02 a | nd |
| Cy-3-Xyl | nd | 4.24 ± 0.04 b | nd | 0.17 ± 0.03 a | nd | nd |
| Cy-3-(6″-Mal-Glu) | nd | nd | nd | 0.32 ± 0.02 | nd | nd |
| Del-3,5-diGlu | nd | 7.77 ± 0.12 b | nd | nd | 0.03 ± 0.01 a | nd |
| Del-3-Glu | nd | nd | nd | nd | 0.01 ± 0.01 | nd |
| Pel-3,5-diGlu | nd | 10.08 ± 0.13 | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| Total anthocyanins | nd | 32.47 ± 0.24 d | 3.77 ± 0.03 b | 5.49 ± 0.11 c | 0.14 ± 0.04 a | nd |
| Phenolic acids | ||||||
| GA | 6.08 ± 0.10 a | 7.18 ± 0.11 b | 7.56 ± 0.12 c | 7.99 ± 0.09 d | 7.34 ± 0.13 b | 8.09 ± 0.05 d |
| PA | 1.52 ± 0.04 a | 2.04 ± 0.05 c | 1.87 ± 0.03 b | 2.00 ± 0.03 c | 1.81 ± 0.05 b | 2.53 ± 0.10 d |
| p-HBA | 1.98 ± 0.06 a | 2.96 ± 0.07 c | 3.05 ± 0.02 d | 3.01 ± 0.05 d | 2.81 ± 0.04 b | 3.92 ± 0.04 e |
| Total phenolic acids | 9.58 ± 0.20 a | 12.18 ± 0.23 b | 12.48 ± 0.17 b,c | 13.00 ± 0.17 c | 11.96 ± 0.22 b | 14.54 ± 0.19 d |
| Total phenolics | 89.24 ± 0.56 a | 160.68 ± 0.83 f | 123.73 ± 0.58 c | 121.67 ± 0.69 b | 126.65 ± 0.70 d | 130.08 ± 0.65 e |
nd—not detected. Blueberries (BLUB), raspberries (RASB), blackberries (BLCB), pomegranates pomace (POME), beetroots (BEET), control chocolate, (CONT). Data are presented as mean ± SD of three replications. The values followed by the same lowercase letter (a–f) within each chocolate type in the same row do not differ significantly according to Tukey’s HSD test at p < 0.05.