Figure 4.

Relative expression level of eight candidate CP genes after exposure to four different insecticides. The expression of CPs was analyzed by RT-PCR. The actin gene was used as an internal reference. The detailed information of four different insecticides corresponding to their codes (P10, P14, P16 and P23) are represented in Table 2. The 3rd instar larvae of FAW exposed to different insecticides after 24 h and 48 h were used for RT-PCR analysis. CK represents no treatment of insecticides. It should be noted that if the expression of selected eight candidate CP genes do not change after exposure to these insecticides through RNA-seg analysis, their expressions are not further validated by RT-PCR analysis. Thus, the missing data for some treatments at each timepoint (24 h or 48 h after treatment) indicate that the CP gene expression was not validated by RT-PCR analysis.