Table 3.

The phytochemical substances reported to be present in papaya leaves.

Class	Compounds	Pharmacological Effects
Flavonoids	apigenin, catechin, kaempferol, deoxykaempferol, deoxyquercetin, protocatechuic acid, galic acid	antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-dengue [89]
Flavonoid glycosides	quercetin 3-(2-rhamnosylrutinoside), kaempferol 3-(2-rhamnosylrutinoside), quercetin 3-rutinoside, myricetin 3-rhamnoside	antioxidant [81]
Cyanogenic glycosides	2S-sambunigrin, R-prunasin	anticancer [90]
Coumarins	5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, p-coumaric acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric alcohol	antioxidant [79]
Quinones	anthraquinone	anti-diabetes [91]
Cinnamic acids	ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, E-3-(4-hydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)phenyl)acrylic acid
Phenols	2,6-dimethoxyphenol	antioxidant [92]
Alkaloids	carpaine, pseudocarpaine, dehydrocarpaine I, dehydrocarpaine II, carposide, emetine	antimalarial [83]