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. 2021 Oct 23;13(11):3739. doi: 10.3390/nu13113739

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Signaling and pathways on which equol exerts antioxidative effect. (A): ROS pathway [99]. (B): NADPH pathway [91]. “⏊” indicates the inhibitory effect by equol. MDA: malondialdehyde, 4-HNE: dyhidroxynonel, LOOHs: lipid hydroperoxides, ROS: reactive oxygen, DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid, ONOO-: peroxynitrite, NO₂: nitrogen dioxide, O₂-: superoxide, MPO: myeloperoxidase, NADPH: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, apoB: apolipoprotein B, iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase, H₂O₂: hydrogen peroxide.