Table 1.
Documented frequencies of colonization according to different clinical conditions of the host.
| Author | Year | Country | Patients | n | Colonization Percentage | Biological Sample 2 |
Diagnostic Technique 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leigh TR [91]. | 1993 | UK | HET 1, HOM 1 and HIV-seropositive | 90 | Between 10 and 40%. | IS | PCR |
| Matos O [92]. | 2001 | Portugal | Adults HIV-infected | 104 | 14.5% | IS and OW |
PCR and conventional stain |
| Helweg-Larsen J [93]. | 2002 | Denmark | Adults with suspected bacterial pneumoniae | 367 | 4.0% | BAL, tracheal aspirates and sputum | PCR |
| Vargas SL [73] | 2003 | Chile | Immunocompetent adult, pregnant and non-pregnant women | 33 and 28, respectively | 15.0% and 0.0%, respectively | Nasopharyngeal aspirates | PCR |
| Huang L. [94]. | 2003 | EEUU | HIV-infected Adults | 32 | 69% | IS or BAL |
PCR |
| Maskell NA [75]. | 2003 | EEUU | Immunosuppressed HIV-negative adults | 93 | 18.0% | BAL | PCR |
| Vidal S [95]. | 2006 | Spain | Adults with Interstitial lung disease | 80 | 33.8% | BAL | PCR |
| Matos O [96]. | 2006 | Portugal | Immunocompetent adults with pulmonary disease and | 45 | 24.4 | BAL | PCR |
| Nevez G [76]. | 2006 | France | Adults with COPD and healthy adults | 50 and 30, respectively | 16% and 0%, respectively | Sputum | PCR |
| Morris A [97]. | 2006 | EEUU | Adults with COPD | 68 | 19.1% | Lung tissue Pendiente |
PCR |
| Calderón EJ [98]. | 2007 | Spain | Adults with COPD | 51 | 55.0% | Sputum | PCR |
| Gal SL [99]. | 2010 | France | Adults and children with cystic fibrosis | 76 patients and 146 samples | 1.3% | Sputum | PCR |
| Mekinian A [100]. | 2011 | France | Adults with systemic autoimmune diseases | 67 | 16.0% | IS | PCR |
| Pereira RM [101]. | 2014 | Brazil | HIV-seropositive Adults | 58 | 44.8% | Oropharyngeal samples | PCR |
| Wang D-D [102] | 2015 | China | Adults with chronic pulmonary diseases | 98 | 63.3 | Sputum | LAMP and PCR |
| Vera C [87] | 2017 | Colombia | Immunocompetent and pregnant women and newborns | 43 and 43, respectively | 46.5% and 74.4%, respectively | NPS | PCR |
| García C. [88] | 2020 | Perú | HIV-negative women and newborns | 92 and 87 | 5.43% and 0.0%, respectively | OW, NPS, and placenta samples | PCR |
1 HET, healthy heterosexual males; HOM; homosexual males. 2 IS, induced sputum; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; OW, oral washes; NPS, nasopharyngeal swabs. 3 PCR, polymerase chain reaction; LAMP, loop-mediated isothermal amplification.