Table 2.

Inorganic nanoparticle methods and roles in tissue regeneration.

Nanoparticle Types	Methods/Roles	Ref.
IONPs	Interaction of magnetic IONPs (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein	[49]
PER NPs	MOMCs have many PER NPs on their surface that target the lungs	[26]
LIONs	The LION/repRNA-CoV2S vaccination elicited anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein IgG antibody isotypes suggestive of a type 1 T helper cell response	[31]
ZnO	interaction of ZnO NPs with COVID-19 targets such as the ACE2 receptor	[32]
AgNP	are often used to treat acute and chronic wounds	[57]
AuNPs	potential to accelerate wound healing by stimulating tissue regeneration, connective tissue development, and angiogenesis	[58]
anti-CoV NPs	addresses nano–bio interactions, in vitro (lung cells), and in vivo assessments, as well as human ramifications	[39]