Study ID	Description of components within study	Components not included or combined with others	Intervention delivery	Included components
Abizanda 2011	Occupational therapy intervention consisted of a daily  session with patient and relative/caregiver Monday‐Friday for the duration of admission.  Activities were carried out according to needs and day of admission.  Therapeutic plan included: cognitive stimulation; instruction on preventing complications including immobility, confusion, falls, urinary incontinence, pressure sores; retraining in ADL; assessment of technical aids for home		Education Tailored	Bowel/bladder care  Cognitive stimulation Mobilisation
Avendano‐Cespedes 2016	The intervention was carried out exclusively by the intervention nurses and was composed of two main parts, being the first one a risk factor analysis, and the second one the intervention on the risk factors detected.  Risk factors: orientation, sensorial deficit, sleep, mobilisation, hydration, nutrition, drugs, oxygenation, elimination, and pain		Education Tailored	Bowel/bladder care  Medication review Mobilisation Nutrition & hydration  Oxygenation Pain control Re‐orientation & familiar objects Reducing sensory deprivation Sleep hygiene
Bonaventura 2007	Intervention to Prevent Delirium (IPD), a series of structured and standardised welfare actions based on existing guidelines, including support in the following areas: cognitive re‐orientation, sensory and environmental, mobilisation, hydration, and ’socio‐emotional’	Familiar objects	Education	Mobilisation Nutrition & hydration  Re‐orientation & familiar objects Reducing sensory deprivation Sleep hygiene
Chen 2017	Modified Hospital Elder Life Program comprising of three standardised protocols: orienting communication (i.e., orientation and engaged conversation), oral and nutritional assistance (i.e., brushing teeth, oral‐facial exercise, and postoperative dietary education), and early mobilization.		Education Protocol/checklist	Mobilisation Nutrition & hydration  Re‐orientation & familiar objects
Dong 2020	All patients received 1. Directional communication plan  2. Cognitive therapy activity plan  3. Early activity plan The following schemes are implemented as needed based on the evaluation results  4. Pain improvement program  5. Sleep improvement program  6. Assisted feeding plan 7. Rehydration program  8. Constipation improvement plan 9. Hearing/vision improvement program  10. Hypoxic improvement program  11. Aspiration pneumonia prevention program  12. Urine‐related infection prevention program  13. Delirium improvement program 14. Dementia improvement program  15. Multiple medication management plan		Protocol/checklist Tailored	Bowel/bladder care  Medication review Mobilisation Nutrition & hydration  Oxygenation Pain control Reducing sensory deprivation Sleep hygiene
Hempenius 2013	Multi‐component intervention focused on best supportive care and the prevention of delirium.  Preoperative geriatric team assessment with daily monitoring during hospital stay, supported by the use of standardised checklists.  This checklist consisted of nine items: orientation, mobility, anxiety, senses, pain, sleep, intake, defecation and infection.		Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Education Protocol/checklist Tailored	Assessment of mood Bowel/bladder care  Identification of infection Medication review Mobilisation Nutrition & hydration  Pain control Re‐orientation & familiar objects Reducing sensory deprivation Sleep hygiene
Hosie 2020	The intervention had six domains 1. Preserve natural sleep  2. Maintain optimal sensory perception  3. Optimise hydration 4. Stimulate communication, orientation and cognition  5. Optimise mobility  6. Family partnership  For each domain there are 4‐12 strategies provided and their implementation is described We asked team members to enlist family and volunteers and tailor the intervention to patients’ needs and wishes.		Education Family involvement Multidisciplinary Protocol/checklist	Mobilisation Nutrition & hydration  Re‐orientation & familiar objects Reducing sensory deprivation Sleep hygiene
Jeffs 2013	Participants received a graded physical activity and orientation programme twice daily, which was delivered in addition to usual care.  A certified Allied Health Assistant, trained in administering exercise programmes, delivered the intervention after initial assessment of the participant by a physiotherapist. Commensurate with ability, participants were prescribed one of four exercise programmes: bed, seated, standing or rails. All programmes were customised to the participant’s ability and were reviewed daily. Exercise programmes were modified to ensure suitable progression for those participants who made significant gains. The orientation programme comprised formal and informal elements.  The formal element of the programme comprised a series of seven questions aimed at assessing and improving orientation (day, month, year, date, ward, bed number and name of primary nurse). The participant was asked the questions in sequence and prompted with the correct answer if they were not able to give a correct response.  The informal element of the programme related to engaging in the exercise programme and in the social interaction with the Allied Health Assistant and/or Physiotherapist.		Protocol/checklist	Mobilisation Re‐orientation & familiar objects
Lundstrom 2007	The staff worked as a team, applying comprehensive geriatric assessment, management and rehabilitation.  Main content of the intervention ‐ Prevention and treatment of complications, bowel and bladder function, sleep, decubitus ulcers, pain, saturation, body temperature, Blood pressure, nutrition, rehabilitation, Secondary prevention of falls and fractures and osteoporosis prophylaxis.  Other – staff education, teamwork, individual care planning, delirium		Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Education Multidisciplinary Protocol/checklist Tailored	Bowel/bladder care  Identification of infection Mobilisation Nutrition & hydration  Oxygenation Pain control Sleep hygiene
Marcantonio 2001	Proactive geriatrics consultation.  The consultation included 10 modules – adequate CNS oxygen delivery, fluid electrolyte balance, treatment of severe pain, elimination of unnecessary medications, regulation of bowel/bladder function, adequate nutritional intake, early mobilisation and rehabilitation, prevention, early detection and treatment of major postoperative complications, appropriate environmental stimuli, treatment of agitated  delirium.	Electrolytes  Postoperative complications	Tailored	Bowel/bladder care  Cognitive stimulation Identification of infection Medication review Mobilisation Nutrition & hydration (including electrolyte balance) Oxygenation Pain control Re‐orientation & familiar objects Reducing sensory deprivation
Martinez 2012	Multicomponent management protocol. The intervention was delivered by family members and consisted of 6 elements:  1. Education 2. Provision of a clock 3. Avoidance of sensory deprivation 4. Presence of familiar objects in the room 5. Reorientation of patient provided by family members  6. Extended visitation time.	Familiar objects	Education Family involvement Multidisciplinary Protocol/checklist	Cognitive stimulation Re‐orientation & familiar objects Reducing sensory deprivation
Partridge 2017	Comprehensive geriatric assessment delivered by a multidisciplinary team (geriatrician, clinical nurse specialist, social worker, occupational therapist) according to individual patient. Patients were assessed and optimised according to peer‐reviewed protocols based on current evidence, national and hospital guidelines, and expert opinion.  The domains that were included cognition, general health status, function independence, social support, medication use, nutrition and mood.		Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment Multidisciplinary Tailored	Assessment of mood Cognitive stimulation Medication review Mobilisation Nutrition & hydration
Wang 2020	t‐Hospital Elder Life Program (HELP) (tailored, family‐involved HELP), which involved family members instead of volunteers and applied a tailored approach to assigning HELP protocols.  The t‐HELP intervention consisted of 3 universal protocols and 8 targeted protocols.  The universal protocols, including orientation, therapeutic activities, and early mobilisation protocol (universal protocols), were given to all t‐HELP participants.  The targeted protocols were tailored for each patient on the basis of delirium related risk factors, which were assessed daily and comprised of pain management, sleep enhancement, nutrition assistance/aspiration prevention, fluid repletion/constipation, vision/hearing enhancement, hypoxia Improvement, catheter associated UTI (CAUTI) prevention and multiple medications management.		Education Family involvement Multidisciplinary Protocol/checklist Tailored	Bowel/bladder care  Identification of infection Medication review Mobilisation Nutrition & hydration  Oxygenation Pain control Re‐orientation & familiar objects Sleep hygiene
Young 2020	The Prevention of Delirium (POD) programme is a manualised, multicomponent intervention and systematic implementation process designed to secure ward practice changes consistent with a reduction in delirium.  POD comprises actions centred on ten risk factors associated with the development of delirium among those who are vulnerable on of the basis of predisposing risk (NICE 2010). These interventions directly affect the patient experience of care and include optimising hydration and nutrition, reducing environmental triggers (excessive noise, multiple moves), increasing orientation to time and place, improving communicative practices (personally meaningful interaction and cognitive stimulation), supporting and/or encouraging mobility and better management of pain and infection.		Education Protocol/checklist	Cognitive stimulation Identification of infection Mobilisation Nutrition & hydration  Pain control Re‐orientation & familiar objects Reducing sensory deprivation Sleep hygiene