Bonaventura 2007.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: RCT of a multi‐component intervention, the Intervention to Prevent Delirium (IPD) in older patients admitted to medical and geriatric wards Date of study: 2005 to 2006 Power calculation: no Inclusion criteria: age > or = to 65 years admitted to medical and geriatric wards in one hospital Exclusion criteria: MMSE score < or =25, at least 1 relative not present, transfer out of ward, pre‐existing dementia, blindness, deafness, aphasia or unable to understand Italian
Participants	Number in study: 60 Country: Italy Setting: medical and geriatric wards Age: not given Sex M:F: Intervention 12/18, Control 12/18 Co‐morbidity: comparable P = 0.77 Dementia: excluded Frailty: not reported
Interventions	Intervention: Intervention to Prevent Delirium (IPD), a series of structured and standardised welfare actions based on existing guidelines, including support in the following areas: cognitive re‐orientation, sensory and environmental, mobilisation, hydration, and 'socio‐emotional' Control: usual care, not described further
Outcomes	Outcomes reported: ‐ Incident delirium measured using CAM & DRS‐R‐98 ‐ Functional performance using Barthel Index Outcomes not reported: none Frequency of outcomes assessment: days 1, 2, 4 and 7 of admission
Notes	Funding source: not reported Declarations of interest: not reported Delirium not excluded at enrolment
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Sequence generated using day of admission
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Odd and even days of admission used so concealment unlikely
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants and personnel not blinded, not possible given nature of the intervention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Outcome assessment blinding not described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All randomised participants included in the analysis
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information presented to make judgment
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence of other bias