Table 3.
Within-Group Differences | Between-Group Difference | p-Value 1 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Avocado Allotment | High Avocado Allotment | ||||||
(n = 37) | (n = 35) | ||||||
Mean | (95% CI) | Mean | (95% CI) | Mean | (95% CI) | ||
Total energy intake, kcal | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −372.9 | −918.0, 172.3 | −1650.1 | −2706.2, −593.9 | 1277.2 | 102.7, 2451.7 | 0.04 |
Difference at 6 months | −259.0 | −958.0, 440.0 | −2143.1 | −3286.5, −999.8 | 1884.1 | 562.8, 3205.4 | 0.01 |
Carbohydrate, g | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −90.6 | −166.9, −14.2 | −244.2 | −388.0, −100.4 | 153.6 | −3.8, 311.1 | 0.06 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −113.7 | −196.7, −30.7 | −219.7 | −305.0, −134.3 | 106.0 | −13.4, 225.4 | 0.08 |
Difference at 6 months | −64.8 | −159.4, 29.7 | −285.1 | −431.9, −138.4 | 220.3 | 50.7, 389.9 | 0.01 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −91.0 | −176.9, −5.0 | −257.5 | −345.9, −169.1 | 166.6 | 42.9, 290.2 | 0.01 |
Dietary fiber, g | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −8.5 | −15.2, −1.7 | −6.8 | −17.9, 4.4 | −1.7 | −14.4, 11.0 | 0.79 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −10.1 | −17.3, −2.9 | −5.0 | −12.5, 2.4 | −5.1 | −15.5, 5.3 | 0.33 |
Difference at 6 months | −5.1 | −14.2, 3.9 | −14.3 | −27.0, −1.6 | 9.2 | −6.0, 24.3 | 0.23 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −7.0 | −15.8, 1.7 | −12.3 | −21.3, 3.3 | 5.2 | −7.4, 17.9 | 0.41 |
Protein, g | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −11.3 | −34.4, 11.8 | −59.4 | 102.2, −16.5 | 48.1 | 0.9, 95.2 | 0.05 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −17.3 | −44.4, 9.8 | −53.0 | −80.9, −25.1 | 35.7 | −3.4, 74.7 | 0.07 |
Difference at 6 months | −1.2 | −32.6, 30.2 | −91.1 | −134.5, −47.7 | 89.9 | 37.8, 142.1 | 0.001 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −8.0 | −37.7, 21.8 | −83.9 | −114.6, −53.3 | −6.0 | −33.1, 118.8 | 0.001 |
Animal origin, g | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −1.9 | −18.1, 14.3 | −36.1 | −65.8, −6.4 | 34.2 | 1.5, 67.0 | 0.04 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −5.5 | −25.5, 14.6 | −32.3 | −53.0, −11.7 | 26.8 | −2.0, −55.7 | 0.07 |
Difference at 6 months | 5.0 | −15.9, 26.0 | −56.3 | −85.7, −26.8 | 61.3 | −26.1, 96.5 | 0.001 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | 1.2 | −20.4, 22.9 | −52.3 | −74.6, −30.0 | 53.5 | 22.3, 84.7 | 0.001 |
Vegetable origin, g | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −9.4 | −19.0, 0.2 | −23.3 | −40.3, −6.2 | 13.9 | −5.1, 32.8 | 0.15 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −11.9 | −22.7, −1.0 | −20.7 | −31.9, −9.5 | 8.8 | −6.8, 24.5 | 0.26 |
Difference at 6 months | −6.2 | −18.8, 6.4 | −34.8 | −53.5, −16.2 | 28.6 | 6.8, 50.5 | 0.01 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −9.2 | −21.3, 2.9 | −31.7 | −44.1, −19.2 | 22.5 | 5.1, 39.9 | 0.01 |
Fat, g | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −9.6 | −32.3, 13.0 | −44.0 | −84.4, −3.7 | 34.4 | −10.4, 79.2 | 0.13 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −16.0 | −40.4, 8.5 | −37.4 | −62.6, −12.2 | 21.5 | −13.7, 56.7 | 0.23 |
Difference at 6 months | −7.7 | −34.2, 18.8 | −66.0 | −113.7, −18.3 | 58.3 | 5.5, 111.1 | 0.03 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −15.3 | −43.6, 13.0 | −58.0 | −87.1, −28.9 | 42.7 | 1.9, 83.4 | 0.04 |
MUFA, g | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −3.8 | −12.4, 4.8 | −9.7 | −24.1, 4.8 | 5.8 | −10.4, 22.1 | 0.48 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −6.0 | −15.1, 3.0 | −7.3 | −16.6, 2.0 | 1.3 | −11.7, 14.3 | 0.84 |
Difference at 6 months | −3.4 | −13.7, 6.9 | −17.8 | −37.1, 1.5 | 14.4 | −6.7, 35.5 | 0.18 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −6.4 | −17.9, 5.2 | −14.7 | −26.6, −2.8 | 8.3 | −8.3, 25.0 | 0.32 |
PUFA, g | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −1.2 | −6.6, 4.2 | −12.6 | −21.7, −3.5 | 11.4 | 1.2, 21.7 | 0.03 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −2.4 | −8.5, 3.6 | −11.3 | −17.5, 5.1 | 8.8 | 0.2, 17.5 | 0.05 |
Difference at 6 months | −1.5 | −7.3, 4.4 | −17.1 | −27.2, −7.1 | 15.7 | 4.4, 26.9 | 0.01 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −3.0 | −9.2, 3.2 | −15.5 | −21.9, 9.1 | 12.5 | 3.5, 21.4 | 0.01 |
Saturated fat, g | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −4.0 | −12.3, 4.4 | −19.0 | −33.8, −4.2 | 15.0 | −1.5, 31.5 | 0.07 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −6.3 | −15.3, 2.7 | −16.5 | −25.8, −7.3 | 10.3 | −2.7, 23.2 | 0.12 |
Difference at 6 months | −2.8 | −12.3, 6.8 | −26.5 | −42.4, −10.7 | 23.8 | 5.8, 41.7 | 0.01 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −5.3 | −15.1, 4.5 | −23.9 | −33.9, −13.8 | 18.6 | 4.5, 32.6 | 0.01 |
Calcium, mg | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −259.7 | −676.2, 156.9 | −871.5 | −1432.0, −310.9 | 611.8 | −69.0, 1292.6 | 0.08 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −318.0 | −760.4, 124.5 | −809.8 | −1264.8, −354.9 | 491.9 | −144.6, 1128.3 | 0.13 |
Difference at 6 months | −265.2 | −703.3, 172.9 | −1302.0 | −1904.2, −699.8 | 1036.8 | 311.2, −1762.4 | 0.01 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −353.1 | −781.3, 75.1 | −1209.1 | −1649.4, −768.7 | 856.0 | 240.0, −1472.0 | 0.01 |
Magnesium, mg | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −94.2 | −180.9, −7.6 | −197.6 | −341.9, 53.4 | 103.4 | −59.8, 266.6 | 0.21 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −115.3 | −208.7, −21.9 | −175.3 | −271.4, −79.3 | 60.0 | −74.4, 194.4 | 0.38 |
Difference at 6 months | −59.4 | −163.0, 44.2 | −339.5 | −505.5, −173.5 | 280.2 | 90.2, 470.1 | 0.004 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −86.6 | −188.8, 15.7 | −310.8 | −415.9, −205.7 | 224.2 | 77.2, 371.3 | 0.003 |
Sodium, mg | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −1582.8 | −3194.7, 29.2 | −2436.8 | −4460.0, −413.7 | 854.1 | −1672.7, 3380.8 | 0.50 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −1919.2 | −3342.8, −495.6 | −2081.2 | −3545.1, −617.2 | 161.9 | −1886.0, 2209.9 | 0.88 |
Difference at 6 months | −737.8 | −2618.0, 1142.4 | −3402.0 | −5340.0, −1464.1 | 2664.3 | 11.7, 5316.8 | 0.05 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −1105.2 | −2564.6, 354.1 | −3013.6 | −4514.3, −1512.9 | 1908.4 | −191.1, 4007.8 | 0.07 |
Potassium, mg | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −678.8 | −1476.3, 118.6 | −1000.6 | −2299.6, 298.4 | 321.8 | −1156.9, 1800.5 | 0.67 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −848.8 | −1739.7, 42.1 | −820.9 | −1737.0, 95.2 | −27.9 | −1309.5, 1253.7 | 0.97 |
Difference at 6 months | −324.3 | −1291.1, 642.6 | −2189.6 | −3554.1, −825.1 | 1865.4 | 237.0, −3493.7 | 0.03 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −534.2 | −1467.6, 399.3 | −1967.7 | −2927.6, −1007.8 | 1433.5 | 90.7, −2776.4 | 0.04 |
Iron, mg | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −5.5 | −10.9, 0.1 | −16.9 | −26.1, −7.7 | 11.4 | 1.1, 21.7 | 0.03 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −6.9 | −12.6, −1.2 | −15.4 | −21.3, −9.6 | 8.5 | 0.3, 16.7 | 0.04 |
Difference at 6 months | −4.6 | −10.9, 1.6 | −21.6 | −31.9, −11.4 | 17.0 | 5.4, 28.6 | 0.01 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −6.2 | −12.7, 0.4 | −20.0 | −26.7, −13.2 | 13.8 | 4.4, 23.2 | 0.01 |
Vitamin C, mg | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −36.2 | −92.9, 20.5 | −7.3 | −92.6, 78.1 | −29.0 | −128.5, 70.6 | 0.56 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −42.0 | −109.7, 25.6 | −1.1 | −70.6, 68.5 | −41.0 | −138.3, 56.3 | 0.40 |
Difference at 6 months | 3.1 | −76.4, 82.7 | −46.9 | −142.4, 48.5 | −50.0 | −172.2, 72.1 | 0.42 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −4.1 | −86.6, 78.3 | −39.3 | −124.0, 45.6 | 35.1 | −83.5, 153.7 | 0.56 |
Vitamin D, mcg | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −0.6 | −3.6, 2.5 | −4.2 | −9.6, 1.1 | 3.7 | −2.3, 9.7 | 0.23 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −1.0 | −5.0, 3.0 | −3.8 | −7.9, 0.3 | 2.8 | −2.9, 8.6 | 0.33 |
Difference at 6 months | −1.1 | −3.8, 1.5 | −8.7 | −12.6, −4.7 | 7.5 | 2.9, 12.2 | 0.002 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −1.6 | −4.6, 1.4 | −8.2 | −11.3, 5.1 | 6.7 | 2.4, 11.0 | 0.003 |
Vitamin E, IU | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −7.0 | −13.7, −0.3 | −5.2 | −15.2, 4.7 | −1.8 | −13.4, 9.9 | 0.76 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −7.8 | −15.6, 0.1 | −4.4 | −12.5, 3.6 | −3.3 | −14.6, 7.9 | 0.56 |
Difference at 6 months | −5.2 | −12.2, 1.8 | −13.6 | −26.4, −0.9 | 8.4 | −5.6, 22.5 | 0.24 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −6.4 | −15.5, 2.7 | −12.3 | −21.7, 2.9 | 5.9 | −7.2, 19.1 | 0.37 |
Folate, mcg | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | −59.1 | −136.0, 17.7 | −21.4 | −140.9, 98.0 | −37.7 | −175.6, 100.2 | 0.59 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | −74.3 | −158.7, 10.0 | −5.4 | −92.1, 81.4 | −68.9 | −190.3, 52.4 | 0.26 |
Difference at 6 months | −41.0 | −131.2, 49.2 | −106.6 | −250.8, 37.6 | 65.6 | −99.4, 230.7 | 0.43 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | −61.7 | −157.6, 34.3 | −84.7 | −183.4, 13.9 | 23.1 | −115.0, 161.1 | 0.74 |
HEI-2015 family score | |||||||
Difference at 3 months | 4.8 | −0.3, 9.9 | 7.5 | 0.4, 14.6 | −2.7 | −11.2, 5.8 | 0.53 |
Difference at 3 months 2 | 5.6 | 0.1, 11.1 | 6.7 | 1.0, 12.4 | −1.1 | −9.1, 6.8 | 0.77 |
Difference at 6 months | 0.0 | −6.4, 6.4 | 8.0 | 0.9, 15.1 | −8.0 | −17.4, 1.4 | 0.09 |
Difference at 6 months 2 | 0.4 | −6.1, 6.9 | 7.6 | 0.9, 14.3 | −7.2 | −16.6, 2.1 | 0.13 |
Mean difference variable is low minus (−) high avocado allotment group. HEI-2015, healthy eating index 2015; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids. 1 From unpaired t-test or ANCOVA model (adjusted for baseline total energy intake), where appropriate. 2 Adjusted for baseline total energy intake.