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. 2021 Nov 11;13(11):4021. doi: 10.3390/nu13114021

Table 3.

Changes in family nutritional status per intention-to-treat analysis in the Effects of Avocado Intake on the Nutritional Status of Families Trial (n = 72).

Within-Group Differences Between-Group Difference p-Value 1
Low Avocado Allotment High Avocado Allotment
(n = 37) (n = 35)
Mean (95% CI) Mean (95% CI) Mean (95% CI)
Total energy intake, kcal
  Difference at 3 months −372.9 −918.0, 172.3 −1650.1 −2706.2, −593.9 1277.2 102.7, 2451.7 0.04
  Difference at 6 months −259.0 −958.0, 440.0 −2143.1 −3286.5, −999.8 1884.1 562.8, 3205.4 0.01
Carbohydrate, g
  Difference at 3 months −90.6 −166.9, −14.2 −244.2 −388.0, −100.4 153.6 −3.8, 311.1 0.06
  Difference at 3 months 2 −113.7 −196.7, −30.7 −219.7 −305.0, −134.3 106.0 −13.4, 225.4 0.08
  Difference at 6 months −64.8 −159.4, 29.7 −285.1 −431.9, −138.4 220.3 50.7, 389.9 0.01
  Difference at 6 months 2 −91.0 −176.9, −5.0 −257.5 −345.9, −169.1 166.6 42.9, 290.2 0.01
Dietary fiber, g
  Difference at 3 months −8.5 −15.2, −1.7 −6.8 −17.9, 4.4 −1.7 −14.4, 11.0 0.79
  Difference at 3 months 2 −10.1 −17.3, −2.9 −5.0 −12.5, 2.4 −5.1 −15.5, 5.3 0.33
  Difference at 6 months −5.1 −14.2, 3.9 −14.3 −27.0, −1.6 9.2 −6.0, 24.3 0.23
  Difference at 6 months 2 −7.0 −15.8, 1.7 −12.3 −21.3, 3.3 5.2 −7.4, 17.9 0.41
Protein, g
  Difference at 3 months −11.3 −34.4, 11.8 −59.4 102.2, −16.5 48.1 0.9, 95.2 0.05
  Difference at 3 months 2 −17.3 −44.4, 9.8 −53.0 −80.9, −25.1 35.7 −3.4, 74.7 0.07
  Difference at 6 months −1.2 −32.6, 30.2 −91.1 −134.5, −47.7 89.9 37.8, 142.1 0.001
  Difference at 6 months 2 −8.0 −37.7, 21.8 −83.9 −114.6, −53.3 −6.0 −33.1, 118.8 0.001
Animal origin, g
  Difference at 3 months −1.9 −18.1, 14.3 −36.1 −65.8, −6.4 34.2 1.5, 67.0 0.04
  Difference at 3 months 2 −5.5 −25.5, 14.6 −32.3 −53.0, −11.7 26.8 −2.0, −55.7 0.07
  Difference at 6 months 5.0 −15.9, 26.0 −56.3 −85.7, −26.8 61.3 −26.1, 96.5 0.001
  Difference at 6 months 2 1.2 −20.4, 22.9 −52.3 −74.6, −30.0 53.5 22.3, 84.7 0.001
Vegetable origin, g
  Difference at 3 months −9.4 −19.0, 0.2 −23.3 −40.3, −6.2 13.9 −5.1, 32.8 0.15
  Difference at 3 months 2 −11.9 −22.7, −1.0 −20.7 −31.9, −9.5 8.8 −6.8, 24.5 0.26
  Difference at 6 months −6.2 −18.8, 6.4 −34.8 −53.5, −16.2 28.6 6.8, 50.5 0.01
  Difference at 6 months 2 −9.2 −21.3, 2.9 −31.7 −44.1, −19.2 22.5 5.1, 39.9 0.01
Fat, g
  Difference at 3 months −9.6 −32.3, 13.0 −44.0 −84.4, −3.7 34.4 −10.4, 79.2 0.13
  Difference at 3 months 2 −16.0 −40.4, 8.5 −37.4 −62.6, −12.2 21.5 −13.7, 56.7 0.23
  Difference at 6 months −7.7 −34.2, 18.8 −66.0 −113.7, −18.3 58.3 5.5, 111.1 0.03
  Difference at 6 months 2 −15.3 −43.6, 13.0 −58.0 −87.1, −28.9 42.7 1.9, 83.4 0.04
MUFA, g
  Difference at 3 months −3.8 −12.4, 4.8 −9.7 −24.1, 4.8 5.8 −10.4, 22.1 0.48
  Difference at 3 months 2 −6.0 −15.1, 3.0 −7.3 −16.6, 2.0 1.3 −11.7, 14.3 0.84
  Difference at 6 months −3.4 −13.7, 6.9 −17.8 −37.1, 1.5 14.4 −6.7, 35.5 0.18
  Difference at 6 months 2 −6.4 −17.9, 5.2 −14.7 −26.6, −2.8 8.3 −8.3, 25.0 0.32
PUFA, g
  Difference at 3 months −1.2 −6.6, 4.2 −12.6 −21.7, −3.5 11.4 1.2, 21.7 0.03
  Difference at 3 months 2 −2.4 −8.5, 3.6 −11.3 −17.5, 5.1 8.8 0.2, 17.5 0.05
  Difference at 6 months −1.5 −7.3, 4.4 −17.1 −27.2, −7.1 15.7 4.4, 26.9 0.01
  Difference at 6 months 2 −3.0 −9.2, 3.2 −15.5 −21.9, 9.1 12.5 3.5, 21.4 0.01
Saturated fat, g
  Difference at 3 months −4.0 −12.3, 4.4 −19.0 −33.8, −4.2 15.0 −1.5, 31.5 0.07
  Difference at 3 months 2 −6.3 −15.3, 2.7 −16.5 −25.8, −7.3 10.3 −2.7, 23.2 0.12
  Difference at 6 months −2.8 −12.3, 6.8 −26.5 −42.4, −10.7 23.8 5.8, 41.7 0.01
  Difference at 6 months 2 −5.3 −15.1, 4.5 −23.9 −33.9, −13.8 18.6 4.5, 32.6 0.01
Calcium, mg
  Difference at 3 months −259.7 −676.2, 156.9 −871.5 −1432.0, −310.9 611.8 −69.0, 1292.6 0.08
  Difference at 3 months 2 −318.0 −760.4, 124.5 −809.8 −1264.8, −354.9 491.9 −144.6, 1128.3 0.13
  Difference at 6 months −265.2 −703.3, 172.9 −1302.0 −1904.2, −699.8 1036.8 311.2, −1762.4 0.01
  Difference at 6 months 2 −353.1 −781.3, 75.1 −1209.1 −1649.4, −768.7 856.0 240.0, −1472.0 0.01
Magnesium, mg
  Difference at 3 months −94.2 −180.9, −7.6 −197.6 −341.9, 53.4 103.4 −59.8, 266.6 0.21
  Difference at 3 months 2 −115.3 −208.7, −21.9 −175.3 −271.4, −79.3 60.0 −74.4, 194.4 0.38
  Difference at 6 months −59.4 −163.0, 44.2 −339.5 −505.5, −173.5 280.2 90.2, 470.1 0.004
  Difference at 6 months 2 −86.6 −188.8, 15.7 −310.8 −415.9, −205.7 224.2 77.2, 371.3 0.003
Sodium, mg
  Difference at 3 months −1582.8 −3194.7, 29.2 −2436.8 −4460.0, −413.7 854.1 −1672.7, 3380.8 0.50
  Difference at 3 months 2 −1919.2 −3342.8, −495.6 −2081.2 −3545.1, −617.2 161.9 −1886.0, 2209.9 0.88
  Difference at 6 months −737.8 −2618.0, 1142.4 −3402.0 −5340.0, −1464.1 2664.3 11.7, 5316.8 0.05
  Difference at 6 months 2 −1105.2 −2564.6, 354.1 −3013.6 −4514.3, −1512.9 1908.4 −191.1, 4007.8 0.07
Potassium, mg
  Difference at 3 months −678.8 −1476.3, 118.6 −1000.6 −2299.6, 298.4 321.8 −1156.9, 1800.5 0.67
  Difference at 3 months 2 −848.8 −1739.7, 42.1 −820.9 −1737.0, 95.2 −27.9 −1309.5, 1253.7 0.97
  Difference at 6 months −324.3 −1291.1, 642.6 −2189.6 −3554.1, −825.1 1865.4 237.0, −3493.7 0.03
  Difference at 6 months 2 −534.2 −1467.6, 399.3 −1967.7 −2927.6, −1007.8 1433.5 90.7, −2776.4 0.04
Iron, mg
  Difference at 3 months −5.5 −10.9, 0.1 −16.9 −26.1, −7.7 11.4 1.1, 21.7 0.03
  Difference at 3 months 2 −6.9 −12.6, −1.2 −15.4 −21.3, −9.6 8.5 0.3, 16.7 0.04
  Difference at 6 months −4.6 −10.9, 1.6 −21.6 −31.9, −11.4 17.0 5.4, 28.6 0.01
  Difference at 6 months 2 −6.2 −12.7, 0.4 −20.0 −26.7, −13.2 13.8 4.4, 23.2 0.01
Vitamin C, mg
  Difference at 3 months −36.2 −92.9, 20.5 −7.3 −92.6, 78.1 −29.0 −128.5, 70.6 0.56
  Difference at 3 months 2 −42.0 −109.7, 25.6 −1.1 −70.6, 68.5 −41.0 −138.3, 56.3 0.40
  Difference at 6 months 3.1 −76.4, 82.7 −46.9 −142.4, 48.5 −50.0 −172.2, 72.1 0.42
  Difference at 6 months 2 −4.1 −86.6, 78.3 −39.3 −124.0, 45.6 35.1 −83.5, 153.7 0.56
Vitamin D, mcg
  Difference at 3 months −0.6 −3.6, 2.5 −4.2 −9.6, 1.1 3.7 −2.3, 9.7 0.23
  Difference at 3 months 2 −1.0 −5.0, 3.0 −3.8 −7.9, 0.3 2.8 −2.9, 8.6 0.33
  Difference at 6 months −1.1 −3.8, 1.5 −8.7 −12.6, −4.7 7.5 2.9, 12.2 0.002
  Difference at 6 months 2 −1.6 −4.6, 1.4 −8.2 −11.3, 5.1 6.7 2.4, 11.0 0.003
Vitamin E, IU
  Difference at 3 months −7.0 −13.7, −0.3 −5.2 −15.2, 4.7 −1.8 −13.4, 9.9 0.76
  Difference at 3 months 2 −7.8 −15.6, 0.1 −4.4 −12.5, 3.6 −3.3 −14.6, 7.9 0.56
  Difference at 6 months −5.2 −12.2, 1.8 −13.6 −26.4, −0.9 8.4 −5.6, 22.5 0.24
  Difference at 6 months 2 −6.4 −15.5, 2.7 −12.3 −21.7, 2.9 5.9 −7.2, 19.1 0.37
Folate, mcg
  Difference at 3 months −59.1 −136.0, 17.7 −21.4 −140.9, 98.0 −37.7 −175.6, 100.2 0.59
  Difference at 3 months 2 −74.3 −158.7, 10.0 −5.4 −92.1, 81.4 −68.9 −190.3, 52.4 0.26
  Difference at 6 months −41.0 −131.2, 49.2 −106.6 −250.8, 37.6 65.6 −99.4, 230.7 0.43
  Difference at 6 months 2 −61.7 −157.6, 34.3 −84.7 −183.4, 13.9 23.1 −115.0, 161.1 0.74
HEI-2015 family score
  Difference at 3 months 4.8 −0.3, 9.9 7.5 0.4, 14.6 −2.7 −11.2, 5.8 0.53
  Difference at 3 months 2 5.6 0.1, 11.1 6.7 1.0, 12.4 −1.1 −9.1, 6.8 0.77
  Difference at 6 months 0.0 −6.4, 6.4 8.0 0.9, 15.1 −8.0 −17.4, 1.4 0.09
  Difference at 6 months 2 0.4 −6.1, 6.9 7.6 0.9, 14.3 −7.2 −16.6, 2.1 0.13

Mean difference variable is low minus (−) high avocado allotment group. HEI-2015, healthy eating index 2015; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids. 1 From unpaired t-test or ANCOVA model (adjusted for baseline total energy intake), where appropriate. 2 Adjusted for baseline total energy intake.