. 2021 Nov 15;11(11):3072. doi: 10.3390/nano11113072

Table 2.

Mean Ra values (μm) of the composite surface and composite/enamel and composite/cementum interfaces before and after hygiene maintenance procedures, M (σ).

Substrate		USS		APPCC		APPSB
Surface	Composite	Baseline	Post treatment	Baseline	Post treatment	Baseline	Post treatment
CR	Premise	0.23 (0.12) ^a	0.31 (0.06) ^abc	0.24 (0.14) ^a	0.40 (0.06) ^c	0.24 (0.13) ^a	0.41 (0.06) ^c
	H. Ultra	0.13 (0.04) ^a	0.26 (0.04) ^b	0.15 (0.07) ^a	0.40 (0.07) ^c	0.14 (0.06) ^a	0.43 (0.16) ^c
	Harmonize	0.18 (0.15) ^a	0.40 (0.11) ^c	0.23 (0.19) ^a	0.81 (0.08) ^d	0.21 (0.03) ^a	0.82 (0.06) ^d
Total		0.18 (0.12)	0.32 (0.09) *	0.20 (0.14)	0.54 (0.21) *	0.19 (0.09)	0.55 (0.22) *
CR–E	Premise	1.2 (0.21) ^e	1.22 (0.14) ^ef	1.29 (0.15) ^e	1.48 (0.22) ^f	1.22 (0.10) ^e	1.50 (0.22) ^f
	H. Ultra	1.05 (0.29) ^e	1.46 (0.40) ^f	0.92 (0.22) ^e	1.61 (0.38) ^fg	0.94 (0.23) ^e	1.69 (0.42) ^fg
	Harmonize	0.92 (0.14) ^e	1.32 (0.19) ^f	0.96 (0.11) ^e	1.96 (0.58) ^g	0.98 (0.10) ^e	2.00 (0.62) ^g
Total		1.06 (0.24)	1.33 (0.28) *	1.06 (0.23)	1.68 (0.46) *	1.05 (0.20)	1.73 (0.48) *
CR–C	Premise	1.3 (0.19) ^e	1.22 (0.27) ^e	1.18 (0.22) ^e	1.35 (0.08) ^f	1.11 (0.13) ^e	1.38 (0.06) ^f
	H. Ultra	1.18 (0.16) ^e	1.26 (0.31) ^ef	1.04 (0.16) ^e	1.40 (0.21) ^f	1.01 (0.12) ^e	1.42 (0.21) ^f
	Harmonize	1.11 (0.24) ^e	1.27 (0.28) ^ef	1.10 (0.23) ^e	1.29 (0.15) ^f	1.07 (0.18) ^e	1.29 (0.08) ^f
Total		1.20 (0.21)	1.25 (0.29)	1.11 (0.21)	1.35 (0.16) *	1.06 (0.15)	1.36 (0.14) *

^a–g—different letters indicate statistically significant differences among groups; *—significant differences between pre- and post-treatment values (without division into particular composites); CR—composite resin surface; CR–E—composite/enamel interface; CR–C—composite/cementum interface; USS—ultrasonic scaling; APPCC—air-powder polishing using calcium carbonate; APPSB—air-powder polishing using sodium bicarbonate.