Table 2.
Mean color parameter values, humidity, and culinary uses (according to Coyago et al., (2017) [32] and The-Plant-List, (2019) [33]) of red and pink flowers.
| Samples | Family | Species | Common Name | Culinary Use | Humidity (%) | L* | a* | b* | C*ab | hab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red flowers | ||||||||||
| 49 | Acanthaceae | Aphelandra squarrosa Nees | Zebra plant | na | 73.202 ± 3.184 | 30.847 ± 1.259 | 49.437 ± 0.942 | 32.257 ± 0.541 | 59.030 ± 1.028 | 33.142 ± 0.339 |
| 50 | Amaranthaceae | Celosia argentea L. | Cockscomb | na | 71.704 ± 0.126 | 36.837 ± 2.878 | 23.600 ± 2.946 | −2.833 ± 0.342 | 23.817 ± 2.999 | 352.621 ± 0.629 |
| 51 | Apocynaceae | Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don | Vinca rosea | Non-edible | 96.519 ± 0.015 | 46.001 ± 0.012 | 49.863 ± 0.285 | −7.123 ± 0.081 | 50.370 ± 0.270 | 351.865 ± 0.137 |
| 52 | Apocynaceae | Nerium oleander L. | Flower laurel | Non-edible | 89.739 ± 3.621 | 67.077 ± 1.693 | 19.380 ± 1.427 | 3.250 ± 0.658 | 19.810 ± 1.583 | 10.429 ± 1.409 |
| 53 | Araceae | Anthuriumandraeanum Linden ex | Anus | Non-edible | 94.096 ± 1.525 | 50.630 ± 0.404 | 32.917 ± 1.165 | 11.283 ± 1.585 | 34.814 ± 1.226 | 18.895 ± 2.255 |
| 54 | Balsaminaceae | Impatiens balsamina L. | Joy of home | Salad, desserts | 91.049 ± 0.211 | 41.543 ± 2.466 | 47.893 ± 4.686 | 23.887 ± 3.367 | 53.528 ± 4.758 | 26.449 ± 1.238 |
| 55 | Balsaminaceae | Impatiens walleriana Hook. F. | My dear | Salad, desserts | 85.202 ± 0.984 | 50.287 ± 2.228 | 57.220 ± 2.573 | 19.490 ± 2.556 | 60.463 ± 2.626 | 18.770 ± 1.556 |
| 56 | Begoniaceae | Begonia cavaleriei H. Lév. | Begonia | na | 76.748 ± 0.253 | 54.793 ± 4.344 | 19.460 ± 2.899 | 12.267 ± 0.498 | 23.311 ± 2.381 | 33.935 ± 3.613 |
| 57 | Begoniaceae | Begonia cucullata Willd. | Sugar flower | Salad, desserts | 59.290 ± 0.127 | 37.443 ± 0.873 | 36.870 ± 2.315 | 15.157 ± 2.171 | 39.931 ± 2.942 | 21.995 ± 1.802 |
| 58 | Begoniaceae | Begonia × tuberhybrida Voss | Begonia | Salad, desserts | 99.736 ± 0.834 | 32.067 ± 1.391 | 53.383 ± 2.036 | 33.483 ± 1.014 | 63.018 ± 2.134 | 32.121 ± 0.720 |
| 59 | Caryophyllaceae | Dianthus caryophyllus L. | Carmination | Fruit salad | 95.775 ± 0.106 | 39.863 ± 4.495 | 50.847 ± 3.674 | 21.403 ± 3.633 | 55.206 ± 3.751 | 22.762 ± 2.616 |
| 60 | Ericaceae | Rhododendron simsii Planch. | Azalea | Non-edible | 41.527 ± 2.572 | 41.543 ± 2.466 | 47.893 ± 3.468 | 23.887 ± 3.367 | 53.528 ± 1.265 | 26.449 ± 1.238 |
| 61 | Escalloniaceae | Escallonia rubra Pers. | Escalloniacea | na | 82.780 ± 0.427 | na | na | na | na | na |
| 62 | Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia milii Des Moul. | Crown of christ | Non-edible | 98.893 ± 0.165 | 40.683 ± 2.678 | 32.693 ± 2.356 | 13.493 ± 1.152 | 35.384 ± 1.765 | 22.483 ± 2.048 |
| 63 | Fabaceae | Brownea macrophylla Linden | Panama flame tree | na | 87.209 ± 0.217 | na | na | na | na | na |
| 64 | Geraniaceae | Pelargonium peltatum (L.) L´Hér. | Gitanilla | na | 96.390 ± 0.028 | 14.157 ± 0.337 | 17.037 ± 0.491 | 1.823 ± 0.161 | 17.135 ± 0.472 | 6.124 ± 0.694 |
| 65 | Geraniaceae | Pelargonium x hortorum H. Bailey | Geranium | Salad, desserts | 86.548 ± 0.281 | 30.353 ± 2.168 | 46.593 ± 2.431 | 27.520 ± 2.095 | 54.119 ± 2.408 | 30.563 ± 0.945 |
| 66 | Lamiaceae | Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schult. | Red sage | Garrison | 72.018 ± 0.164 | 38.813 ± 2.189 | 24.673 ± 1.401 | 21.833 ± 0.132 | 33.424 ± 1.121 | 42.183 ± 1.443 |
| 67 | Malvaceae | Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. | Marshmallow | Infusion | 86.152 ± 0.909 | 40.990 ± 1.676 | 47.580 ± 2.984 | 25.150 ± 3.289 | 53.833 ± 3.015 | 27.789 ± 1.699 |
| 68 | Onagraceae | Fuchsia magellanica Lam. | Fuchsia | Tea | 81.264 ± 0.009 | 44.210 ± 2.187 | 34.773 ± 0.917 | 3.037 ± 0.703 | 34.980 ± 1.053 | 5.963 ± 0.856 |
| 69 | Rosaceae | Rosa hybrid Vill. | Rose | Salad, desserts | 78.682 ± 0.325 | 28.440 ± 1.591 | 46.303 ± 0.280 | 17.863 ± 1.013 | 49.635 ± 0.356 | 21.100 ± 1.027 |
| 70 | Papaveraceae | Papaver rhoeas L. | Wheat poppy | Garrison | 72.111 ± 0.263 | 40.683 ± 2.678 | 32.693 ± 3.566 | 13.493 ± 1.520 | 35.384 ± 3.653 | 22.483 ± 2.048 |
| 71 | Rubiaceae | Warszewiczia coccinea Klotzsch | Chaconia | Tea | 83.000 ± 1.381 | 34.253 ± 1.363 | 46.237 ± 2.908 | 12.033 ± 0.526 | 47.777 ± 2.944 | 14.607 ± 0.316 |
| 72 | Scrophulariaceae | Antirrhinum majus L. | Dragon mouth | Salad | 94.967 ± 0.288 | 24.040 ± 1.152 | 18.920 ± 0.593 | 15.050 ± 1.283 | 24.201 ± 0.367 | 38.489 ± 3.222 |
| 73 | Scrophulariaceae | Russelia equisetiformis Schltdl. & | Ruselia | Infusion | 89.257 ± 0.129 | 41.543 ± 2.466 | 47.893 ± 4.686 | 23.887 ± 3.367 | 53.528 ± 4.765 | 26.449 ± 1.238 |
| 74 | Solanaceae | Petunia hybrida Vilm. | Petunia | Salad, desserts | 90.986 ± 5.425 | 34.253 ± 1.363 | 46.237 ± 2.908 | 12.033 ± 0.526 | 47.777 ± 2.944 | 14.607 ± 0.316 |
| 75 | Verbenaceae | Lantana camara L. | Lantana | Tea | 83.774 ± 2.182 | 33.210 ± 0.439 | 38.610 ± 2.384 | 30.187 ± 0.335 | 49.124 ± 0.282 | 38.024 ± 0.478 |
| 76 | Verbenaceae | Verbena × hybrid Groenland | Verbena | Salad, garrison | 85.436 ± 0.023 | 26.913 ± 0.674 | 36.787 ± 3.852 | 14.537 ± 0.872 | 39.560 ± 3.868 | 21.641 ± 1.176 |
| Pink flowers | ||||||||||
| 77 | Amaranthaceae | Celosia argentea L. | Cockscomb | na | 72.421 ± 0.184 | 19.443 ± 2.286 | 34.023 ± 1.479 | 4.120 ± 1.085 | 34.286 ± 1.538 | 6.948 ± 2.004 |
| 78 | Apocynaceae | Nerium oleander L. | Flower laurel | Non-edible | 82.058 ± 0.327 | 58.847 ± 3.279 | 29.247 ± 4.101 | −2.743 ± 0.145 | 29.387 ± 4.139 | 354.364 ± 0.711 |
| 79 | Begoniaceae | Begonia argentea Linden | Begonia | na | 91.547 ± 1.522 | na | na | na | na | na |
| 80 | Bromeliaceae | Guzmania hybrid | Guzmania | na | 89.651 ± 0.001 | 46.660 ± 0.233 | 15.770 ± 0.885 | 9.340 ± 0.524 | 18.343 ± 0.488 | 30.703 ± 2.838 |
| 81 | Caryophyllaceae | Dianthus caryophyllus L. | Carmination | Fruit salad | 84.678 ± 0.325 | 43.320 ± 1.501 | 34.690 ± 0.436 | 3.987 ± 0.127 | 34.918 ± 0.447 | 6.558 ± 0.126 |
| 82 | Caryophyllaceae | Saponaria officinalis L. | Soap flower | Non-edible | 81.110 ± 0.202 | 68.560 ± 0.291 | 3.883 ± 0.946 | −3.333 ± 0.818 | 5.133 ± 0.760 | 318.436 ± 5.235 |
| 83 | Ericaceae | Rhododendron simsii Planch. | Azalea indica | Non-edible | 74.579 ± 0.299 | 82.190 ± 1.669 | 5.943 ± 0.421 | 8.860 ± 0.739 | 10.686 ± 0.396 | 56.081 ± 4.033 |
| 84 | Fabaceae | Trifolium cernuum Brot. | Four leaf clover | Salad, tea | 81.411 ± 0.303 | 50.783 ± 1.421 | 11.903 ± 0.850 | 8.620 ± 1.397 | 14.798 ± 0.203 | 35.636 ± 5.324 |
| 85 | Gentianaceae | Eustoma grandiflorum G. Don | Eustoma | na | 92.072 ± 0.099 | 66.407 ± 4.493 | 4.067 ± 0.668 | 5.233 ± 0.486 | 6.630 ± 0.792 | 52.333 ± 2.000 |
| 86 | Geraniaceae | Pelargonium domesticum Bailey | Real geranium | Salad, desserts | 85.698 ± 0.785 | 15.783 ± 1.532 | 16.793 ± 1.561 | 1.757 ± 0.875 | 17.147 ± 1.675 | 12.053 ± 1.4800 |
| 87 | Geraniaceae | Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey | Geranium | Salad, desserts | 75.523 ± 0.185 | 52.563 ± 0.198 | 29.107 ± 0.233 | 2.177 ± 0.437 | 29.200 ± 0.234 | 4.016 ± 0.172 |
| 88 | Hydrangeaceae | Hydrangea petiolaris S. & Zucc. | Hydrangea | Infusion | 74.361 ± 0.725 | 58.440 ± 1.439 | 24.807 ± 1.436 | −3.767 ± 0.372 | 25.092 ± 1.463 | 351.369 ± 0.558 |
| 89 | Lythraceae | Cuphea hyssopifolia Kunth | False breccia | Infusion | 95.948 ± 0.811 | na | na | na | na | na |
| 90 | Lythraceae | Lagerstroemia indica L. | Jupiter tree | Tea | 87.561 ± 0.347 | 47.777 ± 0.128 | 27.050 ± 0.622 | −4.687 ± 0.063 | 27.456 ± 0.622 | 350.173 ± 0.302 |
| 91 | Malvaceae | Gossypium arboreum L. | Cotton | Non-edible | 82.733 ± 5.421 | 51.887 ± 5.484 | 10.090 ± 0.617 | 9.913 ± 0.588 | 14.162 ± 0.078 | 44.522 ± 3.431 |
| 92 | Nyctaginaceae | Mirabilis jalapa L. | Night Dondiego | Colorant | 85.593 ± 0.206 | 53.100 ± 1.815 | 15.547 ± 0.213 | 7.133 ± 0.445 | 17.175 ± 0.143 | 24.759 ± 1.630 |
| 93 | Orchidaceae | Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb. F. | Orchid | na | 92.271 ± 0.358 | 50.783 ± 2.100 | 11.903 ± 0.805 | 8.620 ± 1.321 | 14.798 ± 0.120 | 35.636 ± 3.024 |
| 94 | Portulacaceae | Portulaca oleracea L. | Purslane | Salad | 85.529 ± 3.674 | 35.780 ± 0.344 | 18.983 ± 0.144 | 27.170 ± 0.265 | 33.145 ± 0.136 | 55.085 ± 0.466 |
| 95 | Rosaceae | Rosa hybrid | Rose | Salad, desserts | 89.769 ± 0.105 | 47.763 ± 3.951 | 55.923 ± 5.390 | 19.007 ± 0.679 | 59.088 ± 5.045 | 18.886 ± 1.936 |
| 96 | Verbenaceae | Verbena × hybrid G. & Rümpler | Verbena | Salad, garrison | 84.040 ± 0.037 | 41.467 ± 3.153 | 19.337 ± 0.140 | 2.330 ± 0.437 | 19.486 ± 0.153 | 6.793 ± 1.117 |
na, not available.