Figure 1.

Schematic presentation of sCA-siRNA/miRNA. (A) Production of sCA nanoparticles involves mixing inorganic ions (CO₃²⁻, Ca²⁺, and PO₄³⁻) with siRNA or miRNA and incubating at 37 °C for 30 min. After bath sonication, the sCA nanoparticles can be degraded at acidic pH to release the incorporated siRNA/miRNA compounds. (B) sCA nanoparticles enter the cell via endocytosis and are degradable in the acidic pH of endosomes, indicating quick achievement of endosomal escape.