Bio-distribution in rheumatoid arthritis mice. (A) Female SKG/Jcl mice aged 8 weeks were given intraperitoneal injections (20 mg) of mannan suspended in 500 mL saline. Joint swelling was monitored by inspection and scored as 0 (no joint swelling), 0.5 (mild swelling of the ankle), or 1.0 (severe swelling of the ankle). (B) sCA-miRNA (loading: 24 μg of Alexa Fluor 750-labeled miRNA/injection) or iNaD-miRNA (loading: 3 μg of Alexa Fluor 750-labeled miRNA/injection) was intravenously administered into the tail tips of high arthritis score RA mice (severe swelling of the left and right ankles, RA score = 1 + 1). (C,D) IVIS imaging 40 min after the injection (C: back, D: abdomen). Left: sCA-miRNA-injected mouse. Right: iNaD-miRNA-injected mouse. Fluorescence from the miRNA accumulated in the liver of sCA-miRNA mice and was noted in the urine (bladder) of both mice.