Table 3.

Attitudes toward SARS-CoV-2 andCOVID-19 pre- and post-intervention by gender, school location, and curriculum track, final year high school students, Poland, 2020 (n = 518).

Statement	Agree		Disagree		Not Sure/I Don’t Know		Positive Shift	Negative Shift	p
	n	%	n	%	n	%
COVID-19 Is a Serious Disease
Males
Before	123	69.9	35	19.9	18	10.2
After	143	81.3	22	12.5	11	6.3
Difference	20	16%	−13	−37%	−7	−39%	18%	4%	<0.0001
Females
Before	258	75.4	48	14.0	36	10.5
After	304	88.9	15	4.4	23	6.7
Difference	46	18%	−33	−69%	−13	−36%	19%	5%	<0.0001
<250,000
Before	269	74.1	69	19.0	25	6.9
After	315	83.8	36	9.6	25	6.6
Difference	46	13%	−33	−50%	0	−3%	19%	6%	<0.0001
≥250,000
Before	112	78.9	14	9.9	16	11.3
After	132	93.0	1	0.7	9	6.3
Difference	20	18%	−13	−93%	−7	−44%	18%	0%	<0.0001
Life science
Before	288	76.6	51	13.6	37	9.8
After	339	90.2	17	4.5	20	5.3
Difference	51	18%	−34	−67%	−17	−46%	18%	2%	<0.0001
Other
Before	93	65.5	32	22.5	17	12.0
After	108	76.1	20	14.1	14	9.9
Difference	15	16%	−12	−38%	−3	−18%	20%	8%	0.002
COVID-19 Doesn’t Concern Me
Males
Before	30	17.0	125	71,0	21	11.9
After	20	11.4	146	83.0	10	5.7
Difference	−10	−33%	21	17%	−11	−52%	20%	8%	0.0001
Females
Before	34	9.9	251	73.4	57	16.7
After	32	9.4	285	83.3	25	7.3
Difference	−2	−6%	34	14%	−32	−56%	20%	16%	<0.0001
<250,000
Before	56	14.9	259	68.9	61	16.2
After	46	12.2	301	80.1	29	7.7
Difference	−10	−18%	42	16%	−32	−52%	22%	14%	<0.0001
≥250,000
Before	8	5.6	117	8.4	17	12.0
After	6	4.2	130	91.5	6	4.2
Difference	−2	−25%	13	11%	−11	−65%	14%	12%	0.003
Life science
Before	35	9.3	288	76.6	53	14.1
After	30	8.0	324	86.2	22	5.9
Difference	−5	−14%	36	13%	−31	−58%	31%	9%	<0.0001
Other
Before	29	20.4	88	62.0	25	17.6
After	22	15.5	107	75.4	13	9.2
Difference	−7	−24%	19	22%	−12	−48%	53%	20%	0.001
I Am Concerned My Parents Will Contract COVID-19
Males
Before	65	36.9	85	48.3	26	14.8
After	95	54.0	63	35.8	18	10.2
Difference	30	46%	−22	−26%	−8	−31%	51%	3%	<0.0001
Females
Before	167	48.8	129	37.7	46	13.5
After	210	61.4	93	27.2	39	11.4
Difference	43	26%	−36	−28%	−7	−15%	27%	1%	<0.0001
<250,000
Before	155	41.2	165	43.9	56	14.9
After	198	52.7	131	34.8	47	12.5
Difference	43	28%	−34	−21%	−9	−16%	31%	2%	<0.0001
≥250,000
Before	77	54.2	49	34.5	16	11.3
After	107	75.4	25	17.6	10	7.0
Difference	30	39%	−24	−49%	−6	−38%	39%	0%	<0.0001
Life science
Before	183	48.7	139	37.0	54	14.4
After	240	63.8	98	26,1	38	10.1
Difference	57	31%	−41	−29%	−16	−30%	32%	1%	<0.0001
Other
Before	49	34.5	75	52.8	18	12.7
After	65	45.8	58	40.8	19	13.4
Difference	16	33%	−17	−23%	1	6%	39%	3%	0.0007
I Am Concerned My Grandparents Will Contract COVID-19
Males
Before	93	52.8	66	37.5	17	9.7
After	109	61.9	51	29.0	16	9.1
Difference	16	17%	−15	−23%	−1	−6%	19%	2%	0.0004
Females
Before	210	61.4	96	28.1	36	10.5
After	241	70.5	73	21.3	28	8.2
Difference	31	15%	−23	−24%	−8	−22%	17%	4%	<0.0001
<250,000
Before	203	54.0	128	34.0	45	12.0
After	237	63.0	99	26.3	40	10.6
Difference	34	17%	−29	−23%	−5	−11%	20%	3%	<0.0001
≥250,000
Before	100	70.4	34	23.9	8	5.6
After	113	79.6	25	17.6	4	2.8
Difference	13	13%	−9	−26%	−4	−50%	14%	2%	0.0009
Life science
Before	238	63.3	102	27.1	36	9.6
After	272	72.3	74	19.7	30	8.0
Difference	34	14%	−28	−27%	−6	−17%	16%	4%	<0.0001
Other
Before	65	45.8	60	42.3	17	12.0
After	78	54.9	50	35.2	14	9.9
Difference	13	20%	−10	−17%	−3	−18%	23%	3%	0.002
Reporting Suspected COVID-19 Cases to the Health Authorities Is Crucial to Combat the Epidemic
Males
Before	139	79.0	20	11.4	17	9.7
After	150	85.2	15	8.5	11	6.3
Difference	11	8%	−5	−25%	−6	−35%	12%	14%	<0.0001
Females
Before	260	76.0	18	5.3	64	18.7
After	300	87.7	11	3.2	31	9.1
Difference	40	15%	−7	−39%	−33	−52%	17%	5%	0.02
<250,000
Before	279	74.2	34	9.0	63	16.8
After	315	83.8	25	6.6	36	9.6
Difference	36	13%	−9	−26%	−27	−43%	16%	9%	<0.0001
≥250,000
Before	120	84.5	4	2.8	18	12.7
After	135	95.1	1	0.7	6	4.2
Difference	15	13%	−3	−75%	−12	−67%	13%	0%	0.0001
Life science
Before	302	80.3	22	5.9	52	13.8
After	339	90.2	12	3.2	25	6.6
Difference	37	12%	−10	−45%	−27	−52%	13%	4%	<0.0001
Other
Before	97	68.3	16	11.3	29	20.4
After	111	78.2	14	9.9	17	12.0
Difference	14	14%	−2	−13%	−12	−41%	21%	13%	0.006
It Is Important to Use Face Masks in Crowded Places to Minimize the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Males
Before	140	79.5	23	13.1	13	7.4
After	151	85.8	18	10.2	7	4.0
Difference	11	8%	−5	−22%	−6	−46%	11%	14%	0.02
Females
Before	268	78.4	35	10.2	39	11.4
After	310	90.6	17	5.0	15	4.4
Difference	42	16%	−18	−51%	−24	−62%	18%	7%	<0.0001
<250,000
Before	280	74.5	54	14.4	42	11.2
After	322	85.6	34	9.0	20	5.3
Difference	42	15%	−20	−37%	−22	−52%	19%	10%	<0.0001
≥250,000
Before	128	90.1	4	2.8	10	7.0
After	139	97.9	1	0.7	2	1.4
Difference	11	9%	−3	−75%	−8	−80%	9%	0%	0.001
Life science
Before	310	82.4	30	8.0	36	9.6
After	349	92.8	16	4.3	11	2.9
Difference	39	13%	−14	−47%	−25	−69%	14%	8%	<0.0001
Other
Before	98	69.0	28	19.7	16	11.3
After	112	78.9	19	13.4	11	7.7
Difference	14	14%	−9	−32%	−5	−31%	19%	11%	0.004
It Is Important to Wash Our Hands Often to Prevent the SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Males
Before	158	89.8	10	5.7	8	4.5
After	161	91.5	11	6.3	4	2.3
Difference	3	2%	1	10%	−4	−50%	6%	33%	0.46
Females
Before	330	96.5	4	1.2	8	2.3
After	335	98.0	0	0.0	7	2.0
Difference	5	2%	−4	−100%	−1	−13%	2%	25%	0.15
<250,000
Before	349	92.8	12	3.2	15	4.0
After	357	94.9	10	2.7	9	2.4
Difference	8	2%	−2	−17%	−6	−40%	5%	30%	0.11
≥250,000
Before	139	97.9	2	1.4	1	0.7
After	139	97.9	1	0.7	2	1.4
Difference	0	0%	−1	−50%	1	100%	1%	33%	0.64
Life science
Before	357	94.9	8	2.1	11	2.9
After	364	96.8	6	1.6	6	1.6
Difference	7	2%	−2	−25%	−5	−45%	3%	21%	0.08
Other
Before	131	92.3	6	4.2	5	3.5
After	132	93.0	5	3.5	5	3.5
Difference	1	1%	−1	−17%	0	0%	5%	45%	0.80
COVID-19 Is a Preventable Disease
Males
Before	114	64.8	26	14.8	36	20.5
After	128	72.7	17	9.7	31	17.6
Difference	14	12%	−9	−35%	−5	−14%	25%	24%	0.04
Females
Before	188	55.0	54	15.8	100	29.2
After	228	66.7	33	9.6	81	23.7
Difference	40	21%	−21	−39%	−19	−19%	36%	18%	<0.0001
<250,000
Before	227	60.4	57	15.2	92	24.5
After	250	66.5	42	11.2	84	22.3
Difference	23	10%	−15	−26%	−8	−9%	26%	25%	0.02
≥250,000
Before	75	52.8	23	16.2	44	31.0
After	106	74.6	8	5.6	28	19.7
Difference	31	41%	−15	−65%	−16	−36%	49%	9%	<0.0001
Life science
Before	217	57.7	54	14.4	105	27.9
After	262	69.7	30	8.0	84	22.3
Difference	45	21%	−24	−44%	−21	−20%	33%	17%	<0.0001
Other
Before	85	59.9	26	18.3	31	21.8
After	94	66.2	20	14.1	28	19.7
Difference	9	11%	−6	−23%	−3	−10%	29%	28%	0.16
Health Education Has a Significant Impact on COVID-19 Prevention and Control
Males
Before	140	79.5	13	7.4	23	13.1
After	156	88.6	8	4.5	12	6.8
Difference	16	11%	−5	−38%	−11	−48%	14%	11%	0.001
Females
Before	284	83.0	24	7.0	34	9.9
After	301	88.0	10	2.9	31	9.1
Difference	17	6%	−14	−58%	−3	−9%	9%	16%	0.004
<250,000
Before	290	77.1	36	9.6	50	13.3
After	320	85.1	17	4.5	39	10.4
Difference	30	10%	−19	−53%	−11	−22%	14%	14%	<0.0001
≥250,000
Before	134	94,4	1	0,7	7	4,9
After	137	96,5	1	0,7	4	2,8
Difference	3	2%	0	0%	−3	−43%	3%	13%	0.23
Life science
Before	323	85.9	18	4.8	35	9.3
After	345	91.8	8	2.1	23	6.1
Difference	22	7%	−10	−56%	−12	−34%	8%	9%	0.0001
Other
Before	101	71.1	19	13.4	22	15.5
After	112	78.9	10	7.0	20	14.1
Difference	11	11%	−9	−47%	−2	−9%	19%	20%	0.03
I Would Vaccinate Myself against SARS-CoV-2 if a Vaccine Was Available
Males
Before	106	60.2	32	18.2	38	21.6
After	110	62.5	29	16.5	37	21.0
Difference	4	4%	−3	−9%	−1	−3%	11%	11%	0.38
Females
Before	168	49.1	77	22.5	97	28.4
After	182	53.2	64	18.7	96	28.1
Difference	14	8%	−13	−17%	−1	−1%	11%	3%	0.004
<250.000
Before	176	46.8	95	25.3	105	27.9
After	185	49.2	85	22.6	106	28.2
Difference	9	5%	−10	−11%	1	1%	13%	7%	0.13
≥250.000
Before	98	69.0	14	9.9	30	21.1
After	107	75.4	8	5.6	27	19.0
Difference	9	9%	−6	−43%	−3	−10%	9%	0%	0.003
Life science
Before	208	55.3	66	17.6	102	27.1
After	228	60.6	53	14.1	95	25.3
Difference	20	10%	−13	−20%	−7	−7%	12%	3%	0.0003
Other
Before	66	46.5	43	30.3	33	23.2
After	64	45.1	40	28.2	38	26.8
Difference	−2	−3%	−3	−7%	5	15%	9%	11%	0.62