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. 2021 Oct 23;13(11):3738. doi: 10.3390/nu13113738

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Inflammatory aMMP-8 and microbial visible plaque index (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP) in vivo responses during fermented lingonberry juice (FLJ, Lingora®) mouthrinse trial. (A) aMMP-8, an oral fluid periodontal tissue destruction biomarker, represents and reflects inflammatory burden and periodontal disease activity, (B) VPI microbial burden and (C) BOP representing both inflammatory disease activity and microbial burden. Values of groups 1 and 2 at the start (0 d), middle (14 d, 7 d) and the end (28 d, 14 d). (D) Disc diffusion assay. Observed inhibition of P. gingivalis W50 growth with 100 µL FLJ (1.) compared to 10 µL 0.2% chlorhexidine (2.). Performed according to Pärnänen et al. [44]. The circles in the boxplots represent outlier values. “x” mean values.