Table 3.
Effects of milk or soy milk combined with resistance exercise on anthropometric data and sarcopenic index in very old nursing home residents with sarcopenia 1.
| Control (n = 12) | Milk (n = 12) | Soy Milk (n = 11) | p 2 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 6 | Week 12 | Baseline | Week 6 | Week 12 | Baseline | Week 6 | Week 12 | Time | Treatment | Time × Treatment | |
| Anthropometric data | ||||||||||||
| BW (kg) | 56.2 ± 8.6 | 54.7 ± 11.9 | 56.7 ± 8.4 | 58.3 ± 9.1 | 59.2 ± 9.1 | 59.7 ± 9 | 55.4 ± 8.7 | 55.2 ± 9.2 | 56.4 ± 9.1 | 0.9436 | 0.2345 | 0.9953 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 2.4 | 21.5 ± 4.1 | 22.3 ± 2.3 | 22.1 ± 3.2 | 22.4 ± 3.0 | 22.6 ± 3.1 | 22.6 ± 2.2 | 22.6 ± 2.7 | 23.1 ± 2.5 | 0.7484 | 0.5169 | 0.9893 |
| Body fat (%) | 30.6 ± 8.6 | 29.9 ± 9.1 | 31.7 ± 8.8 | 32.7 ± 5.6 | 29.3 ± 7.7 | 30.9 ± 6. | 32.3 ± 6.5 | 32.4 ± 8.1 | 32.8 ± 7.7 | 0.7157 | 0.5801 | 0.9337 |
| Sarcopenic index | ||||||||||||
| ASMI (kg/m2) 3 | 6.1 ± 0.6 | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 6.0 ± 0.7 | 6.2 ± 0.5 | 6.2 ± 0.61 | 6.0 ± 0.6 | 6.0 ± 0.7 | 6.1 ± 0.7 | 6.1 ± 0.7 | 0.8800 | 0.7997 | 0.9244 |
| CC (cm) | 30.8 ± 2.5 | 31.2 ± 2.2 | 31.5 ± 2.0 * | 30.7 ± 2.6 | 30.6 ± 2.32 | 30.9 ± 2.5 | 31.3 ± 2.1 | 31.6 ± 2.0 | 32.3 ± 1.7 * | 0.4843 | 0.1788 | 0.9784 |
| HG (kg) | 17.4 ± 5.3 | 17.6 ± 5.4 | 19.1 ± 5.6 | 18.7 ± 6.2 | 19.2 ± 5.62 | 21.2 ± 6.4 * | 18.6 ± 6.8 | 19.5 ± 5.6 | 21.0 ± 6.1 * | 0.2716 | 0.3985 | 0.9990 |
| GS (m/s) | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.3 * | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.22 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.4 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 0.5059 | 0.3504 | 0.9399 |
1 Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) or n (%). 2 p values represent differences among three groups by a two-way ANOVA test. 3 ASMI = ASM/height2 (kg/m2). * Significant difference compared to the baseline by a paired t-test within the group (p < 0.05). Abbreviations: BW: body weight; BMI: body-mass index; ASMI: appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index; CC: calf circumference; HG: hand grip; GS: gait speed.