A. actinomycetemcomitans	Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
A.D.	Anno Domini
AGEs	advanced glycation end products
Akt	protein kinase B
ALP	alkaline phosphatase
ALT	alanine aminotransferase
AP-1	activator protein-1
AST	aspartate aminotransferase
B.C.	Before Christ
B. subtilis	Bacillus subtilis
BW	body weight
CAR	carvacrol
CAS	Chemical Abstracts Service
CAT	catalase
c-fos	C-proto-oncogene
CFA	complete Freund’s adjuvant
CHX	chlorhexidine
COX	cyclooxygenase
COX-1	cyclooxygenase-1
COX-2	cyclooxygenase-2
CRP	C-reactive protein
CYP2E1	cytochrome P450 2E1
DM	diabetes mellitus
DMSO	dimethylsulfoxide
DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid
E. coli	Escherichia coli
F. nucleatum	Fusobacterium nucleatum
FOXO1	forkhead box protein O1
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinases
GBD	Global Burden of Disease
GPx	glutathione peroxidase
GR	glutathione reductase
GSH	glutathione
HFD	high-fat diet
HO	hemogen oxygenase
HO-1	hemogen oxygenase-1
IDDM	insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
IG	intragastric
IκB	inhibitor of kappa B kinase
IκBa	inhibitor of kappa B kinase α
IκBβ	inhibitor of kappa B kinase β
IL	interleukin
IL-1	interleukin-1
IL-1β	interleukin-1β
IL-4	interleukin-4
IL-6	interleukin-6
IL-8	Interleukin-8
IL-10	interleukin-10
IL-17	interleukin-17
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
IP	intraperitoneal
IUPAC	International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
IV	intravenous
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LDH	lactate dehydrogenase
LDL	low-density lipoprotein
LPS	lipopolysaccharides
M. luteus	Micrococcus luteus
MAG	magnolol
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MBC	minimum bactericidal concentration
MBE	magnolia bark extract
MRE	magnolia root extract
MDA	malondialdehyde
MEK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MIC	minimum inhibitory concentration
MMP-2	matrix metalloproteinase-2, gelatinase A
MMP-3	matrix metalloproteinase-3
MMP-9	matrix metalloproteinase-9, gelatinase B
MMP-13	matrix metalloproteinase-13
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinases
MPO	myeloperoxidase
mRNA	messenger ribonucleic acid
MRSA	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
NF-κB	nuclear factor-kappa B
NIDDM	non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
NK	natural killer
NO	nitric oxide
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operative and Development
–OH	hydroxyl group
OG	oral gavage
OPG	osteoprotegerin
P. gingivalis	Porphyromonas gingivalis
P. intermedia	Prevotella intermedia
PGE	prostaglandins
PGE2	prostaglandins E2
PGF1	prostaglandins F1
PGF2	prostaglandins F2
PI3K	phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PO	per os
PPAR-γ	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Propionibacterium acnes	P. acnes
RANKL	receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RSG	rosiglitazone
S. mutans	Streptococcus mutans
SOD	superoxide dismutase
STZ	streptozotocin
T. denticola	Treponema denticola
T. forsythia	Tannerella forsythia
TC	total plasma cholesterol
TG	triglycerides
TGF-1β	transforming growth factor-1β
Th17	T helper 17 cells
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
TRAP	tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
WHO	World Health Organization